世界经济概论--必备翻译中英互译 8页

1.(1)“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战，中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民，全面推进改革开放和现代化建设，国家面貌发生了历史性变化。TheEleventhFive-YearPlanperiodwasatrulyextraordinarytimeinthecourseofthecountry"sdevelopment.Inthefaceofcomplexdomesticandinternationalsituationsandaseriesofmajorrisksandchallenges,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)unitedwithandledthepeopleofallthecountry"sethnicgroupsincomprehensivelyadvancingreform,openingupandmodernization,bringingaboutahistoricchangeinChinaoverthepastfiveyears.这五年，我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展，胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务，国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元，年均增长11.2%，财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。Thecountry"sproductiveforcesandoverallnationalstrengthimprovedsignificantly.Weeffectivelywardedofftheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,maintainedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopmentandfulfilledthemajorobjectivesandtasksoftheEleventhFive-YearPlan,andtheeconomyscalednewheights.GDPgrewatanaverageannualrateof11.2%toreach39.8trillionyuan.Governmentrevenueincreasedfrom3.16trillionyuanto8.31trillionyuan.Majorbreakthroughswereattainedincutting-edgescienceandtechnologysuchasthemannedspacemission,thelunarexplorationprogramandsupercomputers.Greatprogresswasmadeinthemodernizationofnationaldefenseandthearmy.(2)Followingverystronggrowthof3.8percentlastyear,theworldeconomyisslowing放慢.Output产量increasedparticularlyquicklyinthefirsthalf上半年of2004,driven驱动bysolidU.S.performance坚固美国的业绩andatorridexport-ledexpansion热烈的出口导向的扩张inChina.Buthigheroilprices石油价格andtheeffectsofexchangerateappreciation汇率增加causedquarterlyoutput季度产量inmanyhigh-incomecountries高收入国家todecline下降，萧条inthesecondhalf,notably尤其是在inGermany,Italy,andJapan.Developingeconomiesoutgrew超过high-incomecountries,高收入国家withaggregateGDP总GDPrisingbysome6.6percentfortheyearasawhole—arecordexpansion创记录的增长.InadditiontoChina,IndiaandRussiaalsogrewveryquickly.Butalldevelopingregionsgrewfasterin2004thantheydidduringthepastdecade.Verystrongworlddemand强劲的世界需求wasreflectedinemergingcapacity产量，容量constraints能力约束,risingpricesincommoditymarkets商品市场,andincreasedinflation通货膨胀insomedevelopingregions,notablySouthAsia,LatinAmerica,andsomepartsofdevelopingEurope.2.(1)这五年，各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人，转移农业劳动力4500万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%；覆盖城乡的社会保障体系 逐步健全。Progressinallsocialprogramsacceleratedandpeople"slivesimprovedsignificantly.Comprehensiveprogresswasmadeineducation,scienceandtechnology,culture,publichealthandsportsprograms.Thenumberofnewurbanjobsincreasedby57.71million,and45millionagriculturalworkersfoundurbanemployment.Thepercapitadisposableincomeofurbanresidentsrosebyanannualaverageof9.7%andthepercapitanetincomeofruralresidentsby8.9%inrealterms.Thesocialsecuritysystemcoveringbothurbanandruralareaswasprogressivelyrefined.这五年，改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元，开放型经济水平快速提升。Majorprogresswasmadeinreformandopeningup.Newbreakthroughswereachievedincrucialareasandkeylinksofreform,andthesocialistmarketeconomyfurtherimproved.Lastyear,totalforeigntradevolumereachedUS$2.97trillionandtheopennessoftheeconomyincreasedrapidly.(2)Oilpricesrose31percent,whileothercommodityprices商品价格increased18percent,withmixedconsequences混合影响fordevelopingcountries.Oilandothercommodityexporters出口国（商）wereabletobuildupcurrentaccountsurpluses经常性账户的盈余,whileimporters进口国（商）(themajorityofdevelopingcountries)sawasignificantriseintheirimportbills进口账单.Incontrast,toearlierepisodes事件、插曲ofrisingcommodityprices,developingcountries,notablyChina,weretheprinciplesource需求增加的主要源泉ofincreaseddemandoverthepastfewyears.IncreaseinU.S.interestrates美国利率,thewaningeffect减弱的影响ofearlierfiscalloosening宽松的财政and,inEuropean,theeffectsofthe25percentrealeffectiveappreciationoftheeuro欧元实际有效增值sinceFeb.2002contributedto导致aslowingofGDPgrowthinthesecondhalfof2004andinto2005.Thesesamefactorsareprojected预料tocauseGDPgrowthamonghigh-incomecountriestoslowtoabout2.5percentin2005.3.(1)加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度，牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期，针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩，以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题，采取正确的政策措施，有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年，面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击，我们沉着应对、科学决策，果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划，大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税，大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划，大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑，大幅度提高社会保障水平。Strengtheningandimprovingmacro-control,andspurringsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment.Wepaidcloseattentiontotheorientation,focusandstrengthofmacro-controlandkeptafirmgraspontheinitiativeinoureconomicwork.IntheearlystagesoftheEleventhFive-YearPlanperiod,weadoptedcorrectpoliciesandmeasurestoaddressoverheatedinvestmentgrowth,theexcessivetradesurplus,excessliquidity,andstructuralandimportedinflation;effectivelypreventedemergingproblemsfromevolvingintotrends;andpreventedproblemsinanyonearea frombecominggeneralproblems.Inthelasttwoyears,werespondedcoollytotheimpactoftheglobalfinancialcrisisacrisisofaseverityseldomseeninthelastcentury,madedecisionsscientificallyandresolutelyfollowedaproactivefiscalpolicyandmoderatelyeasymonetarypolicy.Westeadfastlyimplementedamulti-pointplan,greatlyincreasedgovernmentspendingandmadestructuraltaxreductions,carriedouttheplanforrestructuringandreinvigoratingkeyindustriesonalargescale,vigorouslypromotedinnovationandincreasedsupportforworkinscienceandtechnology,andsubstantiallyincreasedsocialsecuritybenefits.(2)Moreover,coupledwithreduceddemandforimports,thosefactorsareexpectedtoreducegrowthinlowandmiddle-incomeeconomics,althoughcontinuedgains收益inmarketshare市场份额shouldtemper减轻theslowdown.Thus,whilegrowthshoulddecline下降，萧条,theseeconomicsareneverthelessexpectedtoexpandbyarobust强健的，茁壮的andabove-trend向上的趋势5.7percentin2005.Partlyasaresults,oilandmentalpricesareexpectedtorisefurtherin2005,beforesoftening变软in2006and2007asnewcapacity能力，容量comeson-stream生产.Overtheperiodthrough2007,agradualpickupinactivityoutsideofthetheUnitedStates,coupledwith与…一起higherU.S.interestratesandalimitedtighteningoffiscalpolicy有限的紧缩的财政政策shouldreverse扭转therisingtrendintheU.S.currentaccountdeficit经常性账户赤字whichisprojected预期，预测tofallfrom5.6percentofGDPin2004toabout5.3percentin2007.4.(1)坚持扩大内需的战略方针，采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施，增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入，消费规模持续扩大，结构不断升级。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划，其中，新增中央投资1.18万亿元。保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%，自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%，重大基础设施建设占23.6%，灾后恢复重建占14.8%。政府投资引导带动社会投资，国内需求大幅增加，有效弥补外需缺口，较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势，在世界率先实现回升向好，既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生，又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。Westeadfastlyfollowedastrategyofexpandingdomesticdemand;adoptedpoliciesandmeasurestoencourageconsumerspending;andincreasedurbanandruralincomes,particularlyforlow-incomepeople.Asaresult,consumerspendinggrewsteadilyanditsstructureconstantlyimproved.Wecarriedoutatwo-yearinvestmentplantoincreasespendingby4trillionyuan,including1.18trillionyuanfromthecentralgovernment.Ofthisamount,43.7%wasinvestedinlow-incomehousingprojects,projectstoimprovethewellbeingofruralresidents,andsocialprograms;15.3%ininnovation,restructuring,energyconservation,emissionsreductionsandecologicalimprovement;23.6%inmajorinfrastructureprojects;and14.8%inpost-Wenchuanearthquakerecoveryandreconstruction.Governmentspendingguidedanddrovenongovernmentalinvestment,greatlyincreaseddomesticdemandandeffectivelycompensatedforweakexternaldemand.ThishelpedtoreversetheslowdownineconomicgrowthinarelativelyshorttimeandmaketheChineseeconomythefirstintheworldtopickupagain.Inthisway,wenotonlygotoverthehardtimesandensuredandimprovedthewellbeingofthepeople,butalsolaidafirm foundationforlong-termdevelopment.(2)Atthesametimesurpluses盈余inthedevelopingworldareprojectedworldareprojectedtodeclined下降from2.7percentto1.4percentofGDP.Althoughthesechangeswillnotsignificantreducethesupplyofdollars减少美元的供应onworldfinicialmarkets金融市场higherU.S.interestsratesshouldincreasetheappetite需求ofprivatesector私人部门investorfordollars-denominatedassets美元命名的账户,sothatthecurrency货币islikelytodepricate贬值onlymodestly适度的overtheprojectionperiod.（可能会中等程度贬值）Thedepreciation贬值ofthedollartodateagainstmostcurrencies货币hasincreasedtheimportanceofdomesticdemand内需outsidetheUnitedStatesasadriverofglobalgrowth全球增长的驱动器.Afurtherrotationoftradepatterns贸易结构的转变isprojected,withthevolumeofexportsfromtheUnitedStatesexpectedtogrow.5.(1)毫不放松地做好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础。中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元，年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费，结束了农民种田交税的历史，每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制，农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策，小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高，去年达到1.09万亿斤，连续7年增产；农民人均纯收入达到5919元，实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进，集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设，完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固，解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题，农民的日子越过越好，农村发展进入一个新时代。Strivingtodoourworkrelatedtoagriculture,ruralareas,andfarmerswell,andconsolidatingandstrengtheningtheagriculturalfoundation.Centralgovernmentspendingonagriculture,ruralareasandfannerstotalednearly3trillionyuanandgrewatanaverageannualrateofmorethan23%.Agriculturaltaxandvariousgovernmentchargesweretotallyabolished,therebyendingthehistoryoffarmerspayingtaxesonthecropstheygrowandeasingtheirannualburdenbymorethan133.5billionyuan.Wesetupasubsidysystemforgraingrowersandabenefitsubsidysystemformajorgrowingareas,andpaidout122.6billionyuaninproductionsubsidiestograingrowerslastyear.Minimumpurchasepricesandtemporarypurchaseandstoragepolicieswereputinplaceforkeygrainvarieties,andtheminimumpurchasepricesforwheatandricewereraisedbybetween25%and40%.Werigorouslysafeguardedarableland.Weworkedhardtomakeadvancesinagriculturalscienceandtechnology.Newrecordhighsweresetforgrainproduction,whichreached545billionkglastyear,theseventhconsecutiveyearlyincrease.Thepercapitanetincomeoffarmerscontinuedtogrowrapidlyandreached5,919yuan.Wemadesteadyprogresswithcomprehensivereformsinthecountrysideandfullyimplementedthereformoftenureincollectiveforestsandthesystemformanagingstate-ownedfarms.Weacceleratedagriculturalandruralinfrastructuredevelopment.Wefinishedreinforcing7,356largeandmedium-sizedreservoirsandkeysmallreservoirsandensuredthesafetyofdrinkingwaterfor215millionruralresidents.Farmers"lives constantlyimprovedandruraldevelopmententeredanewera.(2)Uptonow,mostdevelopingcountrieshaveexperiencedonlymoderatefluctuationsintheirrealeffectiveexchangerates,eitherbecauseofco-movementsoftheirglobaldevelopmentexchangeratewiththatoftheirdominanttradingpartnerorbecausetheeffectofthedollarsdepreciationhasbeenoffsetbytheappreciationoftheeuroandtheyen.Whilechangesinbilateralexchangerates双边汇率arelikelytoimposesomeadjustmentcosts,theexportgrowthoflowandmiddle-incomecountriesisexpectedtoremainstrongbecausetheiroverallrealeffectiveexchangerateshavemovedrelativelylittle.Asaresult,thesecountriesareprojectedtocontinueincreasingshareofworldmarkets.Thisisrelativelybenignscenario温和的场景.However,anabruptincreaseininterestrates,afurtherlargeandprecipitousdepreciation险峻的美元贬值ofthedollar,alarge-than-anticipatedhike大于预期的增长inoilprices,oraresurgenceofprotectionstsentiment保护主义情感回潮couldprovoke挑衅asignificantslowdowmorevenrecession萧条intheglobaleconomy.6.(1)大力推进经济结构调整，提高经济增长质量和效益。一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组，工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系，实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程，突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术，一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展，在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快，五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里，新增公路63.9万公里，其中高速公路3.3万公里，新建、改扩建机场33个，新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。Wevigorouslycarriedouttechnologicalupgradinginenterprisesandenterprisemergersandreorganizations,whichnoticeablyraisedtheoveralllevelandcompetitivenessofChineseindustries,particularlyequipmentmanufacturing.Strategicemergingindustriesgrewrapidly.Weacceleratedthedevelopmentofthenationalinnovationsystem;carriedoutknowledgeinnovationprojectsandtechnologyinnovationprojects;andmadebreakthroughsinurgentlyneededcutting-edgetechnologies,coretechnologiesandkeyequipmenttechnologies.Alargenumberofresearchresultshavebeenappliedinindustrialproduction.TheserviceindustrydevelopedquicklyandtheproportionitcontributestoGDProseby2.5percentagepoints.Wegreatlyacceleratedinfrastructuredevelopment.Weexpandedtherailwaysystemby16,000kmoverthepastfiveyearsandtheroadsystemby639,000km,including33,000kmofexpressways.Webuilt,improvedorexpanded33airportsandbuiltorreinforced17,000kmofdykes.(2)Policy政策canhelpreducethelikelihoodandpotentialseverity潜在的严重性ofaweakeroutturn产量.AsignificanttighterU.S.fiscalpolicy从紧的美国财政政策wouldreducetheextenttowhichhigherinterestratesintheUnitedStates(orlowerratesinEurope)willberequiredtosupportthedollar.Fortheirpart,developingeconomicsneedtoensurethattheydonotaccumulateexcessive liabilities积累太多的负债,thefuturerepaymentofwhich,underconditionsofhigherinterestratesandslowerworldgrowth,couldposeseriousproblem.提出严重的问题.Inaddition,insomecountriesamanagedappreciationmighthelpalleviateinflationarypressure减缓国家通货膨胀压力andfacilitatethesharingofthebenefitsofeconomicsgrowthbyloweringthecostsofimportedconsumergoodsandservices.Whileamoveawayfromastrictdollarpeg盯住美元bysomedevelopingcurrencieswouldtendtocausethedollartodepreciate贬值more,itwouldlikelydissipate驱散someofthetension紧张intheinternationalfinancialmarketscausedbythus-far-unrealized没有实现的expectationsofsuchadepreciation.7.(1)三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，推出促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快，经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平；东部地区经济结构不断优化，自主创新和竞争力逐步提高；地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小，各具特色的区域发展格局呈现。Third,weworkedtobalanceregionaleconomicdevelopment.Weimplementedamasterstrategyforregionaldevelopment,issuedandimplementedthenationalplanfordevelopmentpriorityzones;fommlatednew10-yearguidelinesforthelarge-scaledevelopmentofthewesternregionandanumberofregionaldevelopmentplans;andintroducednewmeasurestostimulatedevelopmentbyleapsandboundsinTibet,TibetanethnicareasinSichuan,Yunnan,GansuandQinghaiprovinces,Xinjiangandotherethnicminorityareas.DevelopmentacceleratedinthecentralandwesternregionsandnortheastChina,andtheireconomicgrowthratesandothermaineconomicindicatorswerehigherthanthenationalaverage.Theeconomicstructureoftheeasternregionconstantlyimproved,anditsinnovativenessandcompetitivenessgraduallyincreased.Discrepanciesinlevelsofbasicpublicservicesamongregionsweredecreasing,andthedevelopmentofeachregionwastakingonuniquecharacteristics.(2)Meanwhile,themultilateraltradeliberalizationprocess多变的贸易自由化进程　isinneedofakickstart.Withoutit,theDohaRound多哈回合runstherisksofyielding生产fewgains收益fordevelopingcountries.Whileacoordinatedinternationalpolicyresponse协调的国际政策反应wouldlkelybeoptimal最适宜的,thepolicystepsoutlined勾画的aboveshouldbetakenevenintheabsenceof没有协调coordinationbecausetheywouldbenefiteachidentifiedgroupeveniftheotherfailedtoact.行动失败Notwithstandingtherecentbout回合offinancialvolatility金融波动,theworldeconomystilllookswellsetfor准备continuedrebust稳健的growthin2007and2008.WhiletheU.S.economyhasslowedmorethanwasexpectedearlier,spillovers溢出havebeenlimited,growtharoundtheworldlookswellsustained,andinflationrickshavemoderated.Overallrisks总体风险totheoutlookseemlessthreateningthansixmonthagobutremainweightedonthedownside继续沿下滑的趋势进行,with concernsincreasingaboutfinancialrisks.金融风险 8.(1)进出口总额年均增长15.9%，结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降，2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快，累计对外直接投资2200亿美元，对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。积极参与全球经济治理机制改革和区域合作机制建设，多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整，增加了就业，吸收了先进技术和管理经验，大大提高了我国的国际地位。Totalimportandexportvolumegrewbyanaverageannualrateof15.9%,andthestructureofimportsandexportsconstantlyimproved.Ourtradesurplusdecreasedfortwoconsecutiveyears,andtheyear-on-yeardecreasewas6.4%in2010.TheutilizationofforeigncapitalfUrtherimproved.Thepaceofenterprises"goingglobal"increasednoticeably:outwardforeigndirectinvestmentreached$220billionandthetotalvolumeofcontractstobuildforeignprojectsandprovideoverseaslaborservicesreached$335.2billion.Weenergeticallyparticipatedinthereformofglobaleconomicgovernanceandthedevelopmentofmechanismsforregionalcooperation,andourmultilateralandbilateraleconomicandtradecooperationcontinuedtodeepen.Thescaleofourforeignaidcontinuedtogrow.Openingtotheoutsideworldstronglystimulatedeconomicdevelopmentandrestructuring,increasedemployment,attractedadvancedtechnologyandmanagerialexpertise,andgreatlyimprovedChina"sinternationalstanding.(2)Theglobaleconomyexpandedvigorouslyin2006,growingby5.4percent.IntheUnitedStates,theexpansionslowedinthefaceofheadwinds逆风fromasharpdownturn下跌inthehousingmarket,butoilpricedeclinessinceAugusthavehelpedtosustainconsumerspending.Intheeuroarea,growthacceleratedtoitsfastestpaceinsixyearsasdomesticdemandstrengthened.InJapan,activityregainedtraction牵引towardyear-end,afterasoftpatch软着陆inmidyear.Amongemergingmarket新兴市场anddevelopingcountries,rapidgrowthwasledbyChinaandIndia,whilemomentum动力，势头wassustainedacrossotherregionsascountriesbenefitedfromhighcommoditypricesandcontinuedaupportivefinancialconditions.Stronggrowthandrisingoilpricesinthefirstinthefirsthalfof2006raisedconcernsabout关心通货膨胀inflation,butpressurehavemoderatedwiththedeclineinoilpricessinceAugust.Againstthebackgroundofstronggrowthandreducedconcernsaboutinflation,globalfinancialmarketconditionshavegenerallybeenbuoyant愉快的.9.(1)财政转移支付制度逐步完善，县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施，成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进，资源税改革启动试点，内外资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进；平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题，创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出，债券市场稳步发展；深入推进保险业改革开放；人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进，跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策，非公有制经济发展环境不 断改善，多种所有制经济共同发展。Wegraduallyimprovedthesystemoftransferpaymentsandsetuparudimentarymechanismforensuringbasicfundingforcounty-levelgovernments.WecomprehensivelycarriedoutVATreform.Thereformofpricesofrefinedoilproductsandrelatedtaxesandfeeswasimplementedsmoothly.Trialswerelaunchedforthereformofresourcetaxes,andthecorporatetaxsystemsfordomesticandoverseas-fundedenterpriseswereunified.Thereformtoconvertlargestate-ownedcommercialbankstostockholdingcompanieswassmoothlycompleted,andthereformofpolicy-basedfinancialinstitutionsandruralcreditcooperativesiswellunderway.WesteadilyresolvedtheissueofHoatingnon-tradablesharesoflistedcompanies;successfullylaunchedtheChiNextstockmarket;andintroducedstockindexfuturesandsecuritiesmargintrading,Themarketforgovernmentbondsdevelopedsteadily.Wedeepenedthereformandopeningupoftheinsuranceindustry.OrderlyprogresswasmadeinreformingthemechanismforsettingtheRMBexchangerate,andthetrialsofsettlingcross-bordertradeaccountsinRMBwereconstantlyexpanded.Positiveprogresswasmadeinthereformtotumstate-ownedenterprises(SOEs)intostockholdingcorporationsandthereformofthesystemformanagingandoverseeingstateassets.Weacceleratedreformofthepostalsystem.Aseriesofpolicieswereformulatedandimplementedtopromotethedevelopmentofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesandencouragenongovernmentalinvestment,theenvironmentforthedevelopmentofthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomyconstantlyimproved,andeconomicentitiesunderdiverseformsofownershipdevelopedsidebyside.(2)DespiteaboutoffinancialviolatinginFebruaryMarch2007,andrisingconcernsabouttheU.S.sub-primemortgagemarket美国次贷抵押市场，equitymarketsremainclosetoall-timehigh高水平，快感,reallong-termbondyields产期债券利益haveremainedbelowlong-termtrends,andrisksspreads收益差havenarrowedinmostmarkets.Inforeignexchangemarkets外汇市场，theU.S.dollarhasweakened,mainlyagainsttheeuroandpoundsterling英镑.Theyenhasalsodepreciatedfurther,inpartbecause部分原因是prospectsforcontinuedlowinterestrateshaveencouragedcapitaloutflow资本流出,althoughitrecoveredsomegroundinearly2007.TheChineseRenminbihasdeclinedmodestly中等程度下降inredeffectiveterms实际汇率despiteamildacceleratedinitsrateofappreciationagainst(两国货币之间进行比较)thedollar.