水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对 74页

中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑ChineseMaster"sThesesFull-textDatabase2011,No.S1EconomicsandManagementSciencesJ145-879-1水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对龙小清学位授予单位:湖南农业大学;学科专业:农业机械化工程摘要水利项目,社会和经济效益显著,但投资大、工期长、结构复杂,影响其建设及经济效益的不确定性因素很多,使水利工程项目的建设存在着较大的风险。随着我国项目法人责任制的实施,本着“谁投资,谁受益,谁承担风险”的原则,以往由国家独自承担的水利建设项目中的风险转移到水利工程项目法人(业主单位)身上,而业主方的主要风险是在立项决策阶段,立项以后,其风险主要集中在招标阶段。目前,招标阶段的风险并没有引起我国业主足够的重视。本文根据水利工程项目业主在招标过程中的主要工作及内容,结合水利工程的招标实践,详细讨论了业主在招标过程中可能面临的主要风险和应对措施。编制招标文件的风险主要包括:发包方式合理选择、工程量清单编制质量、材料设备的采购方式、业主对工程的质量和工期要求、保函或保证金、索赔等。在确定招标方式时,应分析项目特点和业主的专业管理水平,合理选择招标方式,降低招标方式的风险。采取资格预审,排除不合格承包商和评价标准的合理确定以加强竞争。本文认为最低价中标法关键在于确定投标人报价是否低于“企业的个别成本价”,采用分析承包商的报价和让利真实性来预防,并且把合同实施中的不确定性尽可能地在业主和承包商之间进行合理地划分。本文重点分析了工程量清单报价下的承包商不平衡报价。通过分析引起不平衡产生的原因和常见的表现类型,得到产生不平衡报价的两个因素:资金时间价值因素和工程量、分项工程的变化因素。根据对这两个因素的计算,建立了业主的不平衡报价损失模型,并用具体的实例对模型进行了验证。在基础层次分析不平衡报价可能性上,得到不平衡报价的应对措施。本研究结果对业主在招标过程中减少业主损失有一定的指导意义。关键词：水利工程;;业主风险;;施工招标;;风险管理;;不平衡报价中图分类号：F284;F426.91AbstractTheWaterConservancyProjecthasconspicuoussocietyandeconomiceffect,butithasthecharacteristicofhighinvestment,longconstructionperiodandcomplicatestructures.Therearemanyindefinitefactorsthattheyhaveimpactontheconstructionandtheeconomiceffect.Sotherearemuchriskexistintheconstructionoftheproject.AsChina"swaterconservancyconstructionmanagementsystemreform,theimplementationoftheprojectlegalpersonresponsibilitysystem,thespiritof"whoinvests,benefits,whobearstherisk"principle,inthepastbythestatetobearalonetheconstructionofwaterconservancyprojects,theriskhasbeentransferredtocorporatewaterproject(unitowners)risk.Themainrisktotheownersarethedecision-makingattheprojectstage,intheproject,thewaterprojecttheriskoftheowneratthetenderstage.Atpresent,theownersdidnotpaysufficientattentiontotheriskofthetenderingstageinourcountry.Inthispaper,waterprojectownersinaccordancewiththebiddingprocessandcontentofthemajorwork,combinedwiththepracticeofhydraulicengineeringofthetender,itdiscussesdetaillythattheownersmayfacemajorrisksandresponsemeasuresinthetenderprocess.Theriskofthepreparationoftenderdocumentsinclude:areasonablechoiceofcontractingmethods,BOQpreparationofquality,materialsandequipmentprocurementmethod,theowneroftheprojectqualityandprojectrequirements,guaranteeorbond,andotherclaims.Indeterminingthe导师:梁建国；刘保华；导师单位:湖南农业大学 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-2tender,itshouldanalyzethecharacteristicsandtheownersoftheprofessionalmanagementlevel,areasonablechoiceoftendercanreducetheriskoftender.Pre-qualificationtotaketoremoveunqualifiedcontractorsandevaluationcriteriatodeterminethereasonabletoenhancecompetition.Thispaperholdsthekeytothelowestsuccessfulmethodistodeterminewhetherthebiddersbidlessthanthe"costofindividualenterprises,"theuseofanalysisoftheoffersandletthecontractortoitcanbepreventedbyanalysisingoftheoffers、authenticityandasmuchaspossibledemarcationtheuncertaintybetweentheownersandcontractorsareasonableintheimplementationofthecontracThispaperanalyzesthepricingofBOQPricecontractorsimbalance.Byanalyzingthecausesoftheimbalancecausedbyandthecommonperformancetype,twofactorsofunbalancedofferwasobtained:timevalueofmoneyandprojectstochangesinsub-factorsengineering.Accordingtothecalculationofthesetwofactors,thelossimbalancepricingoftheownersmodelestablished,andspecificexamplesofthemodelisvalidated.Analysisingofthepossibilityofimbalancequotedpriceinthebasic-level,responsemeasuredoftheimbalancequotedpricewasobtained.Theresultsofthisstudyinthetenderingprocesstoreducethelosshaveacertainsignificancefortheowners.KeyWords：Waterconservancyproject;;Employerrisk;;Constructionbidinvitation;;Risk-management;;Unblancedbids 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-3目录第一章绪论····················································································································································61研究背景··················································································································································61.1我国水利工程建设现状·····················································································································61.2水利工程基本特点····························································································································61.3招投标在水利工程建设中的发展及作用··························································································82水利工程项目招标中业主风险管理研究现状·························································································92.1水利工程业主招标风险研究现状·····································································································102.2业主招标中风险管理存在问题·········································································································113本文研究的主要内容·······························································································································12第二章水利工程项目招标及其风险管理······································································································141工程项目概述···········································································································································141.1工程项目的概念································································································································141.2工程项目一般特征····························································································································141.3工程项目的建设阶段划分·················································································································142我国水利工程招标···································································································································152.1招投标特点········································································································································152.2招投标在我国的发展························································································································162.3我国水利工程招投标的基本程序及内容··························································································173水利工程项目风险管理···························································································································173.1水利工程项目风险特性·····················································································································183.2水利工程项目风险管理的目标和原则·····························································································183.2.1项目风险管理的目标··················································································································183.2.2项目风险管理的原则··················································································································193.3水利工程项目风险管理内涵·············································································································203.4水利工程项目风险管理的步骤·········································································································203.4.1水利工程项目风险识别··············································································································213.4.2水利工程项目风险评估··············································································································223.4.3水利工程建设项目风险的处理··································································································234本章小结··················································································································································25第三章水利工程项目业主招标风险分析······································································································271编制招标文件的风险及应对····················································································································271.1发包形式············································································································································271.2选择报价形式····································································································································281.2.1工程量清单报价·························································································································281.2.2施工图报价·································································································································291.3材料设备的采购供应························································································································301.4对质量、工期的要求························································································································301.5保函或保证金的应用························································································································311.6工程保险············································································································································31 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-41.7其它费用和问题································································································································322招标方式的风险及应对···························································································································322.1公开招标············································································································································322.2邀请招标············································································································································333资格预审中的风险及应对分析················································································································333.1资格预审中的主要风险·····················································································································333.2不合格投标人风险应对·····················································································································343.3资格预审评审标准风险应对·············································································································364评标风险及应对·······································································································································364.1评标委员风险及应对························································································································374.2最低价中标法评标风险及应对·········································································································374.2.1低价中标法的风险······················································································································374.2.2最低价中标法风险应对─成本价的确认···················································································384.3串标围标风险及应对························································································································405合同风险分析···········································································································································405.1总价合同风险····································································································································415.1.1不可调值总价合同······················································································································415.1.2可调值总价合同·························································································································415.2单价合同风险····································································································································415.2.1估量工程量单价合同··················································································································425.2.2纯单价合同·································································································································425.3成本加酬金合同风险························································································································425.3.1成本加固定百分比酬金合同······································································································435.3.2成本加固定酬金合同··················································································································435.3.3成本加浮动酬金合同··················································································································435.3.4最高限额成本加固定最高酬金合同···························································································436本章小结··················································································································································43第四章不平衡报价风险及业主的应对··········································································································451不平衡报价的概念···································································································································451.1产生不平衡报价的主要原因·············································································································451.2不平衡报价的常见手法及类型·········································································································462不平衡报价的形成层次分析····················································································································472.1主要人工、材料、机械消耗量的不平衡··························································································472.2主要人工、材料、机械单价报价的不平衡······················································································482.3分项工程综合单价中管理费及利润报价的不平衡··········································································482.4分项工程综合单价报价的不平衡·····································································································483不平衡报价给业主带来的损失模型········································································································494不平衡报价的防范对策···························································································································544.1通过报价范围监控法来加强预控·····································································································544.2通过对重点分项工程综合单价的评审来防范··················································································554.3其他防范措施····································································································································56 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-55本章小结··················································································································································57第五章结论及展望·········································································································································591结论··························································································································································592展望··························································································································································60参考文献··························································································································································61作者简介··························································································································································64 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-6 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-7 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-8 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-9 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-10 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-11 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-12 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-13 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-14 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-15 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-16 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-17 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-18 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-19 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-20 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-21 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-22 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-23 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-24 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-25 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-26 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-27 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-28 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-29 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-30 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-31 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-32 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-33 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-34 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-35 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-36 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-37 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-38 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-39 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-40 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-41 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-42 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-43 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-44 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-45 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-46 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-47 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-48 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-49 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-50 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-51 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-52 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-53 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-54 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-55 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-56 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-57 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-58 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-59 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-60 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-61 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-62 第S1期龙小清：水利工程项目招标中业主风险分析与应对J145-879-63 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库2011年第S1期经济与管理科学辑J145-879-64