新能源汽车产业分析报告xxx 97页

videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof新能源汽车产业链研究报告报告撰写人：XXXtreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof目录第一章新能源汽车概述31.1新能源汽车定义31.2新能源汽车分类31.2.1混合动力汽车31.2.2纯电动汽车31.2.3燃料电池汽车31.3新能源汽车产业链分析3第二章全球新能源汽车发展概述32.1全球新能源汽车发展现状分析32.2主要经济体新能源汽车发展概述32.2.1日本新能源汽车发展概述32.2.2美国新能源汽车发展概述32.2.3欧盟新能源汽车发展概述32.3全球新能源汽车发展展望32.4章小节3第三章我国新能源汽车行业发展现状分析33.1我国新能源汽车行业发展背景分析33.1.1环境污染渐趋严重，提升环境质量势在必行33.1.2我国原油对外依赖度不断提升33.1.3我国本土车企国际竞争力相对较弱33.2我国新能源汽车行业政策分析33.2.1新能源汽车相关政策33.2.2新能源汽车十城千辆工程33.2.3新能源汽车十二五规划33.3我国新能源汽车行业规模与预测分析33.4章小节3第四章新能源汽车上游产业分析34.1新能源汽车动力电池3treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof4.1.1锂电池34.1.2镍氢电池34.1.3铅酸电池34.2新能源汽车驱动电机34.2.1驱动电机分类34.2.2各驱动电机性能比较34.2.3驱动电机产业链分析34.2.4我国驱动电机行业发展状况34.3新能源汽车电控系统34.3.1电控系统简介34.3.2电池管理系统34.3.3电机控制系统34.3.4国内外电控系统发展状况34.4章小节3第五章新能源汽车下游市场分析35.1新能源汽车充电站35.1.1充电系统简介35.1.2我国充电站的建设与发展状况35.1.3我国充电站的发展趋势35.2新能源汽车配套服务35.3章小节3第六章新能源汽车市场竞争状况分析36.1特斯拉36.1.1企业概况36.1.2新能源汽车发展战略36.1.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.2丰田汽车公司36.2.1企业概况36.2.2新能源汽车发展战略36.2.3已推出新能源汽车产品3treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof6.3本田汽车公司36.3.1公司概况36.3.2新能源汽车发展战略36.3.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.4通用汽车公司36.4.1公司概况36.4.2新能源汽车发展战略36.4.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.5大众集团36.5.1企业概况36.5.2新能源汽车发展战略36.5.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.6雷诺36.6.1企业概况36.6.2新能源汽车发展战略36.6.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.7比亚迪36.7.1企业概况36.7.2新能源汽车发展战略36.7.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.8奇瑞汽车36.8.1企业概况36.8.2新能源汽车发展战略36.8.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.9上汽集团36.9.1企业概况36.9.2新能源汽车发展战略36.9.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.10一汽集团36.10.1企业概况3treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof6.10.2新能源汽车发展战略36.10.3已推出新能源汽车产品36.11章小节3第七章新能源汽车产业投资机会分析37.1新能源汽车迎来发展的机遇期37.2新能源汽车产业投资逻辑3treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof第一章新能源汽车概述1.1新能源汽车定义新能源汽车是指采用非常规车用燃料作为动力来源（或使用常规车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置），综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。新能源汽车是在传统汽车产业链基础上进行延伸，结构上与传统汽车的最大区别在于动力系统，增加了电池、电机、电控系统等组件。图1-1新能源汽车与传统能源汽车结构比较数据来源：赛迪经智1.2新能源汽车分类新能源汽车包括混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车（BEV，包括太阳能汽车）、燃料电池电动汽车（FCEV）、氢发动机汽车、其他新能源（如高效储能器）汽车等。表1-1混合动力、纯电动、燃料电池汽车的比较混合动力汽车纯电动汽车燃料电池电动汽车驱动方式内燃机＋电机驱动电机驱动电机驱动treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof能量系统内燃机＋蓄电池蓄电池燃料电池能量来源与补给加油站或充电设备电网流电设备氢气排放量排放较低零排放近似零排放商业化进程商业化较成熟有少量产品销售，未成规模研发阶段主要优点续航里程较长排放低效率高，续航长主要缺点电池效率充电站不足，电池安全性有待提高成本高，技术为突破数据来源：CNKI1.2.1混合动力汽车混合动力是指采用传统燃料同时配以电动机和发动机，由电动机作为发动机的辅助动力，以改善低速动力输出和燃油消耗的车型。按照燃料种类的不同，主要又可以分为汽油混合动力、柴油混合动力和气电混合。目前国内市场上，混合动力车辆的主流都是汽油混合动力，而国际市场上柴油混合动力车型发展也很快。依据电机的输出功率在整个系统输出功率中占的比重，可以将其分为轻度混合型、中度混合型和全混合型混合动力电动汽车。表1-2混合动力汽车分类类型功能要求代表车型轻度混合动力发动机自动起停+回馈制动奇瑞A5BSG混合动力等中度混合动力发动机自动起停+回馈制动+电动辅助本田思域混动版、本田Insight、CR-Z等强混合动力发动机自动起停+回馈制动+电动辅助+纯电驱动丰田普锐斯、凯美瑞混动版等插电式混合动力发动机自动起停+回馈制动+电动辅助+纯电驱动+电网充电雪佛兰Volt等数据来源：CNKI混合动力是指treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof采用传统燃料同时配以电动机和发动机，由电动机作为发动机的辅助动力，以改善低速动力输出和燃油消耗的车型。按照燃料种类的不同，主要又可以分为汽油混合动力、柴油混合动力和气电混合。目前国内市场上，混合动力车辆的主流都是汽油混合动力，而国际市场上柴油混合动力车型发展也很快。依据电机的输出功率在整个系统输出功率中占的比重，可以将其分为轻度混合型、中度混合型和全混合型混合动力电动汽车。Ø轻度混合型轻度混合动力系统在传统内燃机上的启动电机（一般为12V）上加装了皮带驱动启动电机（BSG系统）。该电机为发电启动(Stop-Start)一体式电动机，用来控制发动机的启动和停止，从而取消了发动机的怠速，降低了油耗和排放，但是它的电机并没有为汽车行驶提供持续的动力，因此节油节油率20%以下。Ø中度混合型中度混合动力系统采用了ISG系统。与轻度混合动力系统不同，中混合动力系统采用的是高压电机。另外，中混合动力系统还增加了一个功能：在汽车处于加速或者大负荷工况时，电动机能够辅助驱动车轮，从而补充发动机本身动力输出的不足，从而更好的提高整车的性能。这种系统的混合程度较高，目前技术已经成熟，应用广泛，节油节油率约20%-40%。Ø强混合型强混合动力系统采用272-650v的高压启动电机，通过车载电池供电，电动机可以在启动或巡航过程中，单独驱动车辆行驶，在加速或者电池能量不足的情况下，再由内燃机单独或者联合电动机驱动车辆。与中混合动力系统相比，完全混合动力系统的混合度更高，节油率40%以上。1.2.1.1插电式混合动力插电式混合动力汽车（Plug-inHybridVehicle，简称PHV），简单说就是介于电动车与燃油车两者之间的一种车，既有传统汽车的发动机、变速箱、传动系统、油路、油箱，也有电动车的电池、电机、控制电路。而且电池容量比较大，有充电接口，因此节油率可达70%与非插电的混合动力汽车相比，插电混合动力汽车电池容量更大，可以支持行驶的里程更长。如果拥有较好的充电条件，插电混合动力汽车不用加油就可满足日常出行，当做纯电动车使用，具有电动车的优点。与纯电动车相比，插电混合动力汽车电池容量要小很多，但是带有传统燃油车的发动机，变速箱，传动系统，油路、油箱。在无法充电的时候，只要有加油站就可以一直行驶下去，行驶里程不受充电条件的制约，又具有燃油车的优势。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof表1-3不同方式混合动力汽车对比方式优点缺点增程式不用变速箱，成本略有降低；通过控制系统优化可以让发动机一直工作在最佳转速，即使在充电不便时，市内堵车路况下油耗也比较低，发动机噪音也可以控制的非常小。由于发动机和发电机并不直接驱动车轮，造成了这部分功率的浪费；高速路况下，如果发动机直接驱动车轮，可以一直工作在最佳工作模式，而增程式插电混合动力多了一个转换过程，转换本身要消耗能量，造成油耗反而偏高。并联式电动机、发动机共同驱动车轮，没有功率浪费的问题；在传统燃油车基础上改动较小，成本也比较低。发动机不能保证一直在最佳转速下工作，油耗比较高。混联式具有增程式和并联式的优点：增程模式下，发动机可以一直控制在最佳转速，油耗低，噪音小，振动小；在并联模式下，两台电机，一台发动机可以一起工作，三者功率加起来具有非常好的起步和加速性能，是一种比较完美的组合。成本要高于其他类型的插电混合动力，车的总重量也会大一些数据来源：美国国家公路安全委员会Ø增程式（SeriesHybridVehicle）增程式电动车内只有一套电力驱动系统，包括电机、控制电路、电池，由电动机直接驱动车轮，发动机则用来于驱动发电机给电池进行充电。因为发动机并不直接驱动车轮，因此也不需要变速箱，相当于在普通的电动车上装载了一台汽油/柴油发电机。主要代表车型为宝马i3（可选装增程模块），雪佛兰沃蓝达（有隐藏的直接驱动模式），Fisker卡玛和奥迪A1e-tron。图1-2增程式电动车treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：中国汽车工业协会Ø并联式（ParallelHybridVehicle）并联式插电混合动力车内有两套驱动系统，大多是在传统燃油车的基础上增加电动机、电池、电控而成，电动机与发动机共同驱动车轮。车内只有一台电机，驱动车轮的时候充当电动机，不驱动车轮给电池充电的时候充当发电机。主要代表车型为奔驰S500插电版、比亚迪秦。图1-3并联式插电式混合动力车数据来源：中国汽车工业协会Ø混联式（SplitHybridElectricVehicle）treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof混联式插电混合动力与并联式插电混合动力一样，也有两套驱动系统，但不同的是，混联式有两个电机。一个电动机仅用于直接驱动车轮，还有一个电机具有双重角色：当需要极限性能的时候，充当电动机直接驱动车轮，整车功率就是发动机、两个电机的功率之和；当电力不足的时候，就充当发电机，给电池充电。图1-4混联式插电式混合动力车数据来源：中国汽车工业协会1.2.2纯电动汽车纯电动汽车是指仅由电力驱动的车型。电动汽车主要由底盘、车身、蓄电池、电动机、控制器和辅助设施蓄电池六部分组成，工作原理可以简要的表达为：蓄电池→电流→电力调节器→电动机→动力传动系统→驱动汽车行驶。电力驱动及控制系统是电动汽车的核心，也是区别于内燃机汽车的最大不同点。电力驱动及控制系统由电源、驱动电动机和电动机的调速控制装置等组成。图1-5纯电动汽车原理图treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：中国汽车工业协会对于电动车来说，性能、成本、用户体验能否压倒内燃机汽车，关键在于动力电池。锂电池的历史可以追溯到70年代，是目前应用最广泛的电池。正极材料是锂离子电池中最为关键的原材料，直接决定了电池的安全性能和电池能否大型化，常用的正极材料主要有钴酸锂、锰酸锂、三元材料（特斯拉）和磷酸铁锂（比亚迪）四种。1.2.3燃料电池汽车燃料电池汽车和普通电动汽车有基本一致的电力驱动构造。它们之间的主要区别在于，燃料电池汽车的电池是一个小型发电设备—依靠氢和某种氧化物的化学反应产生驱动电能，而无需从电网充电。相较于传统电动车，燃料电池车可以改善传统电池过重、电能容量不足及长时间充电的缺点，行驶里程更长，燃料电池的发电过程可视为水电解的逆反应，发电过程中只有水份的排放，因而是清洁的动力能源。相对于其他电池，氢燃料电池最大的优势是能量密度极高，实验室可以做到3千瓦时每公斤，比其他类型的电池都高很多。用于汽车可以以更小的体积和重量，提供更长时间的续航。但是，氢燃料电池也存在问题：1）价格，氢燃料电池的核心零件是质子交换膜和铂催化剂，都是非常昂贵的材料，目前的价格是150万到200万人民币，远远高于燃油车和锂电池的电动车；treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof2）燃料的来源和储存，氢燃料电池需要氢气，氢气本身并没有产业链支撑，制造，运输，储存，加注都极不方便，成本又很高，危险还很大，相比燃油车和锂电池车成熟度太低。1.3新能源汽车产业链分析传统汽车产业链主要包括四个方面：Ø产品的技术，主要是指产品的工程开发；Ø零部件的采购；Ø汽车制造厂商；Ø销售和服务。据统计，在整个汽车产业链上共有100多个相关产业：上游主要涉及钢铁、机械、橡胶、石化、电子、纺织等行业；下游则涉及保险、金融、销售、维修、加油站、餐饮、旅馆等行业；中游为整车及其零部件行业。新能源汽车在传统汽车产业链的基础上进行延伸，形成了一条全新的产业链条。上游主要增加了电池、电机、电控系统、专用自动变速器等部件，下游充电设施、电池回收等产业也在新能源汽车的带动下获得了快速发展。图1-6新能源汽车产业链整车控制系统驱动电机系统变速箱系统动力电池系统上游废旧电池回收终端充电设备下游混合动力汽车纯电动汽车中游数据来源：CSST混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车车身结构、内外饰、车轮等传统结构上与传统汽车差别不大，最主要的区别是配臵了不同的动力系统，由传统汽车的“内燃机+变速器”变为“电机+动力电池+电控”系统。目前新能源汽车成本普遍比同级别传统汽车高，成本的差值主要来源于“电机+动力电池+电控”购车电驱动系统。上游电池、电机、变速器和电控系treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof统成为新能源汽车产业链中最关键、最核心的环节，占据了整个产业价值链的高端部分。纯电动汽车仅配备电驱动系统，预计其电驱动系统成本占整车成本的70%左右，其中最大的一块儿是动力电池，约占整车成本40%左右，电机、电控占比均为10%左右，其他电驱动零部件占比约7%。图1-7新能源汽车产业链成本占比数据来源：公司公告treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof第二章全球新能源汽车发展概述电动汽车的产生由来已久，早在19世纪，电动车就已经登上历史舞台。19世纪末20世纪初，有40%的美国汽车采用蒸汽机，38%的汽车采用电力驱动，22%的汽车使用汽油动力。美国的电动车保有量达到33842辆，电动车在19世纪20年代大获成功，销量在1912年达到了顶峰。到19世纪20年代，大油田的不断发现使汽油价格降低到普通人可以消费的水平，内燃机技术的发展也使得汽油车展现出无可比拟的优越性，汽油车逐渐成为主流。而电动车速度低，续航里程短且售价昂贵，遭到淘汰。此后数十年里，尽管零星的有一些电动车问世，但受制于高成本和短续航，电动车一直未成气候，没有一款车型能达到商用规模。直到20世纪末，高涨的油价和人们对气候问题的担忧才再次让电动车受到广泛关注。欧美日各系厂商都开始在电动车领域发力。1993年，美国克林顿政府制订了PNGV计划，三大整车厂纷纷推出以内燃机为基本动力源的混合动力概念车（轻混），这些概念车型由于采用了制动能量回收技术而更加节能，在降低油耗和排放方面都有十分出色的表现。尽管过高的成本未能使这些概念车实现商业化，但这个计划在全美国掀起了一波汽车新技术研发的浪潮。大众、丰田等车厂也推出了各自的混合动力车，其中，丰田Prius获得了巨大的成功。到如今，插电式混合电动汽车（重混）和纯电动车已成为电动车发展的方向。目前插电式混动车可以在每次充电后依靠电力行驶一定距离，根据电池能量存储容量的不同，一般在20公里到100公里，同时保留今天的内燃机车辆行驶范围的机会。在世界范围内，通过插电式混合电动汽车全电式里程满足大部分日常驾驶的需要。例如，根据国际能源署的评估，在英国，估计97％的行程将低于80公里。在欧洲，50％的行程不到10公里，80％的行程小于25公里。在美国，约有60％车辆每天行驶距离不到50公里，约85％的汽车每天行驶不到100公里。可以说，目前插电式混合动力汽车的性能已经基本可以满足消费者的日产需求。纯电动车方面，TeslaModelS最高续航已经超过500公里，部分性能甚至超过了传统汽车。图2-1全球电动车发展简史treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof1966年美国国会立法将电动车作为减少空气污染的手段1976年法国政府启动PREDIT项目加速电动汽车研究1997年日本丰田开始销售Prius2010年纯电动车NissanLEAF发售2012年TestaModelS开始交付客户1973年油价大涨，市场对电动车重燃兴趣1996年通用汽车开始生产EV1型电动汽车2008年油价达到145美元2011年全球电动汽车保有量达到5万量2012年全球电动车保有量达到18万量数据来源：CleanEnergyMinisterial《GlobalEVOutlook》2.1全球新能源汽车发展现状分析在厂商、政府的推动及消费需求驱动下，电动汽车近年来发展迅速。以纯电动车（EV）为例，根据EVI的统计，2011年全球电动车销量约45,000辆，到2012年这一数字翻了一番有余，达到约113,000辆。美国、日本和欧洲是电动车的主要市场。中国也正在成长为电动车市场重要的的一极，一方面，政府和厂商在积极推动电动车的研发和普及，2012年，中国投入在电动车领域的研究费用居全球首位（按EVI统计）；另一方面，中国消费者也较易接受电动车（早在2009年，中国市场就有超过2000万辆的电动自行车保有量，许多中国消费者逐渐适应了可充电式的交通工具）。当前制约电动车进一步发展的关键在于高昂的电池成本，目前电池成本的估算范围大约为高容量储能时的400美元到700美元每千瓦时。特斯拉ModelS顶配为85kWh，电池占了整车成本的一半左右。因此，电动车的普及有赖于电池技术的发展和成本的降低。受益于全球主要国家对电动车的研发投入不断增加（尤其是2008年以来），电池成本逐年下降，2012年的电池成本已经降至2008年的一半不到，延续这样的趋势，电池成本有望降至300美元每千瓦时左右，这将使电动车实现与内燃机车一样的盈亏平衡成本。图2-22012年全球纯电动车销量分布图2-32012年全球插电式混合动力车销量分布treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：EVI,MarkLinesDatabase2.2主要经济体新能源汽车发展概述2.2.1日本新能源汽车发展概述日本起步早，政府支持力度大，这主要因为日本由于自身能源匮乏，石油几乎全部依赖进口，危机意识很强，同时政府在研发到产业化阶段都给予力度较大的支持。上世纪六十年代日本就启动电动车研制，并纳入国家项目，1997年以前大力补贴新能源汽车研发，在研发早期阶段日本政府全额补贴。1997年以后新能源汽车具备产业化条件后补贴开始向消费领域倾斜，给予新能源汽车购买者一定税收优化、财政补贴。表2-1日本主要新能源汽车政策时间具体政策内容1965年日本启动电动车的研制，并正式把电动车列入其国家项目1967年日本成立电动车协会，以统筹促进电动车行业发展1971年日本政府多次投入巨额资金用于支持新能源汽车研发，其中仅燃料电池方面的研发投入就达到200亿日元以上。此外，日本政府也积极支持新能源汽车的产业化项目。日本政府对工作关注的新技术早期研发提供100%的资金支持，对进入商业化初期的项目提供1/2～2/3的资金支持，对标准化项目提供100%的资金支持。1993年日本开始实施“世界能源网络”计划，深入研究氢及其基础设施技术，希望2020年逐步推广氢动力。启动了ECO-Station项目，投入140亿日元，计划建立2000个替代能源汽车燃料供应站，其中包括1000个纯电动汽车快速充电站。1996年推出购新能源车超价补贴、低息贷款等一系列措施以加快纯电动汽车的研发与应用。2004年日本发布《新产业创新战略》，在新政策列出了七大新兴战略产业，其中燃料电池为所有新兴产业中的首位treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof2006年日本政府出台《2030年的能源战略》远期能源规划，设计日本所有能源领域，提出是日本石油对外依存度降低至40%，发展各类新能源等战略构想。对新能源汽车予以减税、政府财政补贴等政策支持。2009年日本开始实施“绿色税制”，适用对象包括纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车、清洁柴油汽车、天然气汽车以及其他获得认定的低排放、高燃油效率车辆。其中纯电动、混合动力、清洁柴油汽车被日本政府定义为“下一代汽车”，受到重点支持，购车者可享受免除多种税负优惠。2010年日本发布《下一代汽车战略2010》，提出新能源汽车在未来二十年的发展目标。到2030年日本国内新能源汽车占所有乘用车比例将达到50%以上数据来源：公开资料日本倾向于选择混合动力路线：日本在政府扶持下，新能源汽车发展较快，2008、2009年日本混合汽车销量分别为10.15、48.35万辆，占汽车销量比重分别为2.41%、10.51%，领先于同类国家。但日本和其他汽车强国不同的是，日本更多支持混合动力汽车，因此在汽车企业的研发上，部分企业也倾向于混合动力汽车，如丰田的prius，目前累计销售50万辆，是最成功新能源汽车车型。2012年日本电动汽车总销量超过了2.1万辆，2011年总销量为13449辆。12年销售最突出的是第二季度达到了7382辆，而11年同期销量为1167辆，同比增长6215辆，增长率为532.56%。图2-4日本电动汽车季度销量数据来源：第一电动研究院treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof2.2.2美国新能源汽车发展概述美国自上世纪70年代开始关注汽车燃油效率和排放，1970年美国环保署正式成立，第一次石油危机后更坚定美国提高汽车燃油经济性的决心。2002年期美国政府开始关注氢燃料电池车的发展。奥巴马上任后，加大了对新能源行业的补贴支持，制定了更严格的汽车燃油效率标准，并制定了到2015年电动车保有量达到100万辆的目标。表2-2美国主要新能源汽车政策时间具体政策内容1970年美国环保署成立，清洁空气法增补有关一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物的标准，“清洁空气法”规定炼油厂生产研发更清洁汽油可获得银行贷款。1988年“替代机动车燃料法案”规定替代燃料车型可以享受CAFé考核的优惠政策1990年“清洁空气法案修正案”引入重整汽油，实施清洁车队计划1992年“能源政策方案”实施替代燃料示范项目1993年克莱斯勒、福特、通用汽车和美国政府开始实施PNGV计划，目标是通过技术创新开发燃油经济性三倍于传统汽车的新型汽车。2002年布什政府以新的国家汽车产业发展计划“自由车计划（简称FreedomCAR）”取代“新一代汽车合作计划”，关注氢燃料电池车，追求汽车的零排放、零污染。2003年小布什宣布启动一项耗资7.2亿美元的氢运输燃料研发项目作为“自由车计划”的支撑研究项目。2007年美国众议院通过了自1975年以来的首个能源法案，目的在于提高汽车燃油效率，降低燃料消耗。能源法要求美国在2020年前，把汽车燃油效率提高40%，并大幅增加乙醇等生物质燃料的添加比例。2008年4月2008年4月美国政府颁布新规定，汽车制造商必须提高汽车和卡车的平均燃油效率，从目前的25英里/加仑提高到2015年的31.6英里/加仑。2008年6月美国能源部宣布将拨款3000万美元，资助通用汽车、福特汽车、通用申气（与克莱斯勒汽车共同研究）2008-2011年进行的plug-in混合动力电动汽车研究项目。2009年5月2009年5月奥巴马制定了严格的汽车燃油效率标准，要求美国汽车必须在2016年以前达到油耗不超过7升/百公里的行业新标准。2009年8月美国总统奥巴马宣布美国能源部将设立总额为20亿美元的政府资助项目，用以扶持新一代电动汽车所需的电池组及其部件的研发。目标是2015年美国插电式混合动力、纯电动、增程型电动从保有量达到100万辆。同时，为鼓励消费，补贴购买插电式混合动力汽车的车主7500美元的税收抵扣；政府投入4亿美元支持充电站等基础设施建设。数据来源：公开资料2001年至2007年，美国混合动力汽车销售增长率为58.4%。2008年，新能源汽车在美国市场占有率达到了2.28%。2012年美国国内电动汽车销售总量为5.3万辆，其中纯电动汽车销售14687辆，仅为全年汽车销售量的0.1%。2013年这一数据有了明显的改善，2013年电动汽车的销售总量为9.6treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof万辆，其中纯电动车销售量为4.8万辆，是2012年的三倍之多。整个销量是呈上升趋势，纯电动汽车的贡献较大。可以预见，未来市场是更偏向于消费纯电动汽车。图2-5美国电动汽车季度销量数据来源：第一电动研究院2.2.3欧盟新能源汽车发展概述欧盟重视节约燃油和减少排放。欧盟从成立初期就关注能源结构、节能减排，计划2015年乘用车二氧化碳平均排放值130g/km(相当于油耗5.4L/100km)；2020年95g/km(相当于油耗4.2L/100km)；2010年生牍燃料使用率达到5.75%，2020年达到10%，2030年达到25%，而各国也制定了新能源汽车的发展目标。欧盟早期重视高效柴油机，近年推动电动、氢燃料等多元化发展。欧洲是汽车发源地，传统汽车技术积淀深厚，工业化后期主要国家汽车行业已进入稳定期，人均保有量水平较高。从自身能源消费结构、既有技术和资源优势考虑，欧盟的车用能源发展战略早期主要推动生物柴油、清洁柴油和高效柴油机等节能减排路线，并取得了不错的效果，柴油车市场份额由1991年的不足20%上升至2009年的60%左右，欧洲柴油轿车占轿车比重已超过30%。表2-3欧盟主要新能源汽车政策时间具体政策内容treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof1970年欧洲经济委员会（ECE）从1970年开始现已ECEW5法规的形式对轻型汽油车排放污染物和曲轴箱污染物排放进行控制，后来以ECER83和ECER15-04法规来逐步控制NOX的排放，不断进行修正向更加严格的方向调整。1991年欧盟从1991年开始调整新能源政策，强调节约能源和使用可再生能源，先后于1993、1998年推出能源规划1992年开始执行“欧I排放法规”1995年发布《欧盟能源政策绿皮书》1996年开始执行“欧Ⅱ排放法规”1997年发布《欧盟未来能源：可再生能源白皮书》，确定了欧盟在能源消费结构中增加可再生能源比例的行动纲领。2000年开始执行“欧Ⅲ排放法规”2001年欧盟出台“发展可再生能源指令”，提出到2010年将欧盟内部总能耗中可再生能源比例由1998年的6%提高到12%的指标。特别是提出生物能源比例2010年提升到8.5%，较1998年增加2.5倍，将汽车燃料中生物燃料使用率提高到5.75%的目标。2003年欧盟颁布“生物燃料促进指令”，指出2005年底、2010年底欧盟生物燃油的使用比例分别应达到2%、5.75%。并且在2004年年底之前，欧盟各国必须在各自国内法案中导入该指令并进行实施。2005年开始执行“欧IV排放法规”2005年12月发布“生物能源与生物燃料行动计划”，提议鼓励在交通、发电、取暖等20多个领域使用生物能源。对交通运输部门的目标是到2010年，汽车燃油中生物燃料使用率提高到5.75%。2006年1月欧盟通过“生物燃料战略”，旨在促进生物燃料在欧盟和发展中国家的发展，推动第二代生物燃料的技术开发，提高生物燃料的成本竞争力，提出了7项核心政策。2007年1月欧盟公布“新欧洲能源政策”，目标是2020年温室气体排放降低到至少低于1990年的20%，将能源消耗中可再生能源的比例提高到20%。该政策的三个核心是“加快向低碳能源转换”、“能源效率和”、“能源市场自由化”，为此欧盟今后7年新能源领域的每年的研发预算由5.74亿欧元增加到8.86亿欧元。2007年10月欧盟委员会通过了有关发展氢燃料汽车的立法建议，欧盟和私有企业将各出资4.7亿欧元在今后6年的时间内发展氢燃料汽车2008年9月欧盟通过《关于发展新能源汽车的立法建议》议案2008年11月欧盟议会通过以轿车为代表的二氧化碳排放法规，总体规划2012年要达到130g/km，2020年以轿车为代表的乘用车二氧化碳排放达到95克/公里。2009年9月开始执行“欧V排放法规”2014年预计开始执行“欧VI排放法规”数据来源：公开资料统计数据显示，2013年法国电动汽车销售总量达13954台，较2012年增长50%，保持良好的上升势头。其中，电动乘用车和商用车销售量分别达到8779台和5175台，较2012年分别增长55%和42%。图2-6法国电动乘用车2013年月度销量treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：第一电动网2.3全球新能源汽车发展展望为了促进新能源汽车的发展，全球各主要经济体均制定了电动汽车的发展规划或目标。根据国际能源署的统计，如果所有这些国家公布的目标都能够实现，用于轻型汽车的电动汽车和插电式混合电动汽车技术随时间迅速发展并不断推广，就会有非常大的市场渗透率。插电式混合电动汽车和电动汽车有望在2010年之后不久开始渗透，到2020年每年销售达到250万辆，插电式混合电动汽车到2020年每年销售达到将近500万辆。到2030年，电动汽车销售预计会达到900万辆，插电式混合电动汽车预计会达到几乎2500万辆。在2040年以后，随着电动汽车(和燃料电池汽车)实现更大的市场份额，插电式混合电动汽车的销售有望开始下滑。最终目标是到2050年两种类型的汽车都实现每年5000万辆的销售。表2-42010-2030全球电动汽车和插电式混合电动汽车销售情况2012201520202025203020402050插电式混合电动汽车（百万）0.050.74.71224.654.849.1电动汽车（百万）0.030.52.54.49.325.152.2合计（百万）0.081.27.216.433.979.9101.3数据来源：国际能源署treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof图2-7全球年度电动汽车和插电式混合电动汽车销售数据来源：国际能源署表2-5主要国家公布的电动车发展规划国家目标时间来源澳大利亚2012：首批汽车上路；2018大规模采用；2050：高达65%的库存2009年6月4日BetterPlace项目能源白皮书澳大利亚2020:20%生产2009年6月10日三菱澳大利亚加拿大2018:50万2008年6月加拿大政府的加拿大电动汽车技术路线图中国2011：年产50万2009年4月1日根据纽约时报“政府管乐和中国汽车业高管”中国到2015年达到54万量2009年7月8日派克研究中国2008:2100万电动自行车库存2009年4月27日经济学人中国2030:20%到30%市场份额2008年10月麦肯锡丹麦2020:20万ENS丹麦法国2020:200万2009年10月生态部长德国2020:100万2008年11月nationalestrategiekonferenzelektromobilitat爱尔兰2020:35万2009年4月28日参众两院爱尔兰2020:25万；2030:40%市场份额2008年11月26日能源部长eamonryan和运输部长noeldempsey以色列2011：:4万电动汽车；2012：每年4万到10万辆电动汽车2008年9月9日BetterPlace项目能源白皮书日本2020：下一代汽车占比50%市场份额2008年7-8月首相福田康夫荷兰2015:10万辆库存在阿姆斯特丹；2040:100%库存在阿姆斯特丹2009年5月28日阿姆斯特丹委员会treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof新西兰2020：:5%市场份额；2040:60%市场份额2007年10月11日总理海伦克拉克西班牙2010:20002009年2月24日institutoparaladiversificacionyahorrodelaenergia西班牙2014:100万2009年7月31日工业部长miguelsebastian瑞典2020：:60万2009年5月北欧能源展望瑞士2020:1450002009年7月alpiq咨询英国2020:120万辆库存电动汽车+35万辆库存插电式混合电动汽车；2030:330万辆库存电动汽车+790万辆库存插电式混合电动汽车2008年10月运输部美国2015：100万辆插电式混合电动汽车库存2009年1月“高里程”情景美国到2015年61万辆2009年7月8日派克研究全球2015:170万2009年7月8日派克研究全球2030:5%-10%市场份额2008年10月麦肯锡全球2020:10%市场份额2009年6月26日雷诺总裁卡洛斯戈恩欧洲2015:25万电动汽车2008年7月4日佛若斯特沙利文公司欧洲2015:48万电动汽车2009年5月8日佛若斯特沙利文公司北欧国家2020：:130万2009年5月北欧能源展望数据来源：国际能源署2.4章小节从全球目前的发展状况来看，纯电动汽车领域，日本、美国、法国市场占比较大，分别占比市场份额28%、26%、11%；在混合动力汽车领域中，美国与日本的占比较大，分别为70%和12%。美国作为目前全球最大的电动汽车市场，2012年其电动汽车年销量已经突破45万辆，占整个乘用车市场的3%，相比其他国家渗透率相对较高。美国的通用、福特和克莱斯勒公司在混合动力汽车的投资力度正在加大，目前的重点主要集中于插电式混合动力和强混技术。通用和福特都曾在燃料电池汽车的研发上投入巨资，但随着燃料电池车产业化的推迟和混合动力车市场份额的不断扩大，投资重心也已经向混合动力车方面倾斜。在日本，新能源汽车的市场推广已经进入实质性阶段，丰田、本田两家公司都已分别实现新能源汽车的产业化，它们推出的Pruis和Civictreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof两款混合动力汽车得到了日本和北美市场的普遍认可，其中Pruis全球累计销量已达180万辆。从全球新能源汽车的发展历程上看，政策的支持是推动新能源汽车初期发展的关键因素，汽车工业强国如美国、德国、日本、韩国、法国、英国等都持续性的推出了多想新能源汽车扶持政策并提出较为明确的新能源汽车规划。后续新能源汽车的产业化发展，则需要市场需求的逐渐释放。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof第三章我国新能源汽车行业发展现状分析3.1我国新能源汽车行业发展背景分析从国家战略高度思考，在化石能源紧缺，环境污染愈加严重的今天，发展新能源汽车已成为降低化石能源消耗、减少环境污染的有效举措，各国政府扶持新能源汽车产业发展的意图十分明显。中国面临着严重的环境污染问题、原油对外依赖度居高不下、汽车产业发展也落后于发达国家，基于以上几点，发展新能源汽车是中国国家战略的必然选择。3.1.1环境污染渐趋严重，提升环境质量势在必行在大气污染防治问题上，我国面临越来越大的压力。随着我国经济和社会的快速发展，经济、技术实力和国力不断增强，温室气体排放总量仍在大幅增加，国际上要求我国承担量化减排温室气体义务日益强烈，中国面临着越来越大的碳减排压力。另一方面，近年来我国环境污染问题，特别是雾霾天气问题凸显。中国科学院《气候变化绿皮书：应对气候变化报告（2013）》数据显示，2013年全国平均雾霾日数为29.9天，较常年同期偏多10.3天，为1961年以来历史同期最多年份。汽车尾气是造成大气污染的主要来源之一。《中国低碳经济发展报告2013》基于京津冀区域原生排放的PM2.5的来源的调查分析，认为PM2.5的主要排放源为：机动车排放和道路扬尘占比50%，工业排放占比37%，居民化石燃料燃烧和电厂排放占比10%左右。图3-1PM2.5主要排放源treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：《中国低碳经济发展报告2013》发展新能源汽车有助于减少大气污染。与传统汽车相比，新能源汽车不燃烧汽柴油等化石能源，在能源转化效率上显著高于传统汽车，这有利于节约能源和减少温室气体排放量，减少大气污染排放来源，提升环境质量。3.1.2我国原油对外依赖度不断提升从目前的石油消耗情况来看，国内石油需求增量绝大部分用于满足汽车数量增长的能源需求，汽车行业已成为石油消耗的最大部门。2000年以来，中国汽车市场始终保持高速发展，年产量由2000年的207万辆增长至2013年的2212万辆，销量由209万辆增长至2198万辆，年复合增长率均达到20%。中国已经超过美国，成为全球第一大汽车市场。图3-22000年-2013年我国汽车产销量数据来源：中汽协2000年至2012年，我国原油消费量由2.24亿吨增加至4.84亿吨，年复合增速6.84%，增速显著高于全球平均水平。按照中国每年新增2000万辆汽车来计算，每年将增加3000万吨成品油消费，折合成原油消耗为5000万吨，这已远远超过每年的新增原油消耗量。中国2012年汽车保有量（不含三轮汽车和低速货车）已达到1.22亿辆，折合成原油消耗为3亿吨，占12年原油总消耗的64.07%。因此，我们若要解决中国目前所遇到的能源瓶颈，就必须大力发展替代能源来保证未来长期的能源供应，尤其是在汽车领域，使用新能源作为新的动力来源也就成为未来汽车行业发展的必然趋势。图3-3我国原油消费量treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：BP世界能源统计与此同时，我国原油对外依存度在不断提高，2003年，我国原油对外依存度突破30%，达到32.9%，2004、2005年对外依存度在40%左右，此后继续上升；2009年，我国原油对外依存度突破国际公认的警戒线50%，达到51.2%；2012年原油对外依存度进一步上升到56.4%，估计2013年对外依存度为60%。中国已经超过美国，成为全球最大的原油进口国。图3-4我国原油对外依存度数据来源：BP世界能源统计我国仍正处于工业化、城市化的重要阶段，而每千人汽车拥有量仅约50-100辆，与世界平均水平160辆、欧美500-800辆还有很大的差距，汽车消费市场还有很大的发展空间。按照目前传统汽车市场的增长速度，至2030treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof年，我国原油进口依存度将达到75%左右，原油消耗量将超过8亿吨。过高的原油进口依存度会明显增加经济波动风险，若未来石油危机再次爆发，我国将面临严重的经济冲击。因此，大力发展新能源汽车是缓解我国石油短缺、降低石油对外依存度、减小经济波动风险的有效措施。3.1.3我国本土车企国际竞争力相对较弱发展新能源汽车是我国汽车产业的一次重要机遇。受产业结构不合理、技术水平不高、自主开发能力薄弱等问题制约，我国还远不是世界汽车生产强国。但是，新能源汽车在世界范围内真正开始发展的时间并不算长，国内众多新能源汽车相关企业已经开始涉足相关技术研发和产品生产，并取得了不小的成绩，技术水平与国际先进水平的差距正在缩小。因此，大力发展新能源汽车有助于我国汽车产业的弯道超车，显著提高我国汽车产业的国际竞争力。总体而言，新能源汽车代表了世界汽车产业的发展方向，是世界各主要国家和汽车制造厂商的共同战略选择。从国家战略高度审视，发展新能源汽车是减少环境污染、降低原油对外依存度、提升汽车工业国际竞争力的有效途径。大力发展新能源汽车是国家的战略选择。3.2我国新能源汽车行业政策分析3.2.1新能源汽车相关政策我国新能源汽车研发起步于“八五”时期，电动汽车被列入国家科技攻关计划。“九五”时期，电动汽车被正式列为国家重大科技产业工程项目。“十五”时期，新能源汽车研究项目被列入国家“十五”期间的“863”重大科技课题，启动了863计划电动汽车重大科技专项，确立了“三纵三横”（三纵：混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车；三横：电池、电机、电控）的研发布局，取得了一系列电动汽车技术创新成果。“十一五”期间，我国组织实施了863计划节能与新能源汽车重大项目，聚焦动力系统技术平台和关键零部件研发。新能源汽车的研发和产业化持续推进，新能源汽车研发、示范布局逐步形成。在关键零部件、整车集成技术以及技术标准、测试技术、示范运行等方面都取得重大进展，初步建立了电动汽车技术体系。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof在此期间，我国新能源汽车政策密集出台，对于新能源汽车范畴、财政补助、推广试点区域等进行了明确的定义及规划，为新能源汽车的发展奠定了坚实的基础。表3-1新能源汽车相关政策推出时间表200420052006200720082009201020112012国务院政府工作报告汽车产业振兴计划《国务院关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定》《节能与新能源汽车产业发展规划（2012—2020年）》发改委节能中长期专项规划新能源汽车生产准入管理规则《关于开展私人购买新能源汽车补贴试点的通知》《关於进一步做好节能与新能源汽车示范推广试点工作的通知》财政部乘用车消费税调整对13城公交领域HEV、EV车型补贴，关于开展私人购买新能源汽车补贴试点的通知国家税务总局燃油税调整国家质检总局乘用车燃料消耗限值科技部863节能与新能源汽车项目十城千辆计划电动汽车科技发展专项规划工信部《混合动力电动汽车类型》行业标准《关于组织开展新能源汽车产业技术创新工程的通知》数据来源：政府相关部门网站3.2.2新能源汽车十城千辆工程2009年初《关于开展节能与新能源汽车示范推广试点工作的通知》提出在北京、上海、重庆、长春、大连、杭州、济南、武汉、深圳、合肥、长沙、昆明、南昌等13treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof个城市开展节能与新能源汽车示范推广试点工作，以财政政策鼓励在公交、出租、公务、环卫和邮政等公共服务领域率先推广使用节能与新能源汽车，对推广使用单位购买节能与新能源汽车给予补助。即后来称为“十城千辆”工程，首批试点城市13个，第二批7个，第三批5个，三批总共25个城市纳入试点范围，通过较大的补贴幅度，且在率先在公共领域推广，对私人购车起到示范作用。表3-2公共服务用乘用车和轻型商用车示范推广补助标准（万元/辆）BSG车型10%-20%20%-30%30%-100%混合动力汽车5%-10%0.4――――――10%-20%2.83.2――20%-30%――3.23.64.230%-40%――――4.24.540%以上――――――5.0纯电动汽车100%――――――6.0燃料电池汽车100%――――――25.0数据来源：节能与新能源汽车示范推广财政补助资金管理暂行办法注：最大电功率比30%以上混合动力汽车补助标准均含plug-in。表3-3十米以上城市公交客车示范推广补助标准（单位：万元/辆）最大电功率比20%-50%最大电功率比50%以上混合动力汽车10%-20%520――20%-30%7253030%-40%8303640%以上――3542纯电动汽车100%――――50燃料电池汽车100%――――60数据来源：节能与新能源汽车示范推广财政补助资金管理暂行办法treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof注：最大电功率比30%以上混合动力汽车补助标准均含plug-in。“十城千辆”工程自2009年启动，2012年收尾，25个城市共示范了约2.7万辆新能源汽车，其中私人购买新能源汽车超过4400辆。2013-2014年，财政部、科技部、工信部、发改委公布前两批新能源汽车推广应用城市名单，涉及40个城市、区域。表3-4我国前两批新能源汽车推广应用城市名单批次发布时间涉及地区12013年11月28个城市、区域：北京市、天津市、太原市、晋城市、大连市、上海市、宁波市、合肥市、芜湖市、青岛市、郑州市、新乡市、武汉市、襄阳市、长株潭地区、广州市、深圳市、海口市、成都市、重庆市、昆明市、西安市、兰州市、河北省城市群、浙江省城市群、福建省城市群、江西省城市群、广东省城市群。22014年1月12个城市、区域：内蒙古自治区城市群、辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省、江苏省城市群、淄博市、临沂市、潍坊市、聊城市、四川省、贵州省城市群、云南省城市群。数据来源：财政部在40个城市、区域中，以经济发达低于居多，亦包含城市群形式联合申报的二三线城市，标志着各个地区对于新能源汽车推广具较高积极性，我国新能源汽车产业进入实质性发展阶段。3.2.3新能源汽车十二五规划从新能源车的定义范畴来看，多数国家都将未来新能源车的发展方向锁定在电动车上，而把混合动力当作一种过渡产品，但电动车与混合动力车并存的局面短时期内仍将继续维持。我国《电动汽车科技发展“十二五”专项规划》指出：“经多年探索实践，国际汽车产业界达成了电动汽车产业化战略共识：在技术路线上，近期（2010-2015年），在依靠内燃机汽车技术改进和推进车辆小型化实现降低油耗和排放的同时，为满足更为严格的节能减排法规目标要求，应尽快推进混合动力技术的应用，并发展小型纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力车；中期（2015-2020年），在混合动力技术得到广泛应用的基础上，提高汽车动力系统电气化程度，加大小型纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车推广力度；中远期（2020年以后），各种纯电驱动技术将逐步占据主导地位。”从未来较长的时间来看，混合动力及插电式混合动力汽车是新能源汽车发展进程中的过渡车型，而纯电动才是新能源汽车发展的终极目标之一。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof3.3我国新能源汽车行业规模与预测分析相较于“十一五”期间基础性的政策，“十二五”期间出台的政策对于产销量、补贴政策等进行了更为明确、细致的规划。标志着我国新能源汽车实质性、快速发展阶段。表3-5“十二五”新能源汽车政策时间发布单位文件名主要内容2012科技部电动汽车科技发展“十二五”专项规划确立“纯电驱动”的技术转型战略；坚持“三纵三横”的研发布局。到2015年，在30个以上城市进行规模化示范推广，在5个以上城市进行新型商业化模式试点应用。在20个以上示范城市和周边区域建成由40万个充电桩、2000个充换电站构成的网络化供电体系。2012财政部、国税局、工信部关于节约能源使用新能源车船车船税政策的通知对使用新能源的车船，免征车船税。2012国务院“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划；节能与新能源汽车产业发展规划2012-2020年到2015年，纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车累计产销量力争达到50万辆；到2020年，纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车生产能力达200万辆、累计产销量超过500万辆到2015年，动力电池模块成本降至2元/瓦时以下；电驱动系统成本降至200元/千瓦以下。到2020年，动力电池模块成本降至1.5元/瓦时以下。2013财政部、科技部、工信部、发改委关于继续开展新能源汽车推广应用工作的通知示范城市或区域须满足：2013－2015年，特大型城市或重点区域新能源汽车累计推广量不低于10000辆，其他城市或区域累计推广量不低于5000辆政府机关、公共机构等领域车辆采购要向新能源汽车倾斜，新增或更新的公交、公务、物流、环卫车辆中新能源汽车比例不低于30%2014年和2015年，纯电动乘用车、插电式混合动力（含增程式）乘用车、纯电动专用车、燃料电池汽车补助标准在2013年标准基础上分别下降10%和20%纯电动公交车、插电式混合动力（含增程式）公交车标准维持不变。2014财政部、科技部、工信部、发改委关于进一步做好新能源汽车推广应用工作的通知纯电动乘用车、插电式混合动力（含增程式）乘用车、纯电动专用车、燃料电池汽车2014和2015年度的补助标准2014年在2013年标准基础上下降5%，2015年在2013年标准基础上下降10%。数据来源：相关政府网站在政策和市场的推动下，我国新能源汽车开始进入实质性发展阶段，我国新能源汽车呈现产销两旺的格局。2010-2013我国新能源汽车产量复合增速51.78%，销量复合增速55.01%。2013年，我国新能源汽车产销量分别达1.75、1.76万辆。从车型结构来看，2013年，新能源汽车以纯电动汽车为主，2012-2013年该车型销量占比88.93%、82.78%，混动车型占比11.07%、17.22%。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof表3-6我国新能源汽车2010年-2013年产销量　2010201120122013产量　　　　纯电动汽车410256551124114243增长率　37.86%98.78%26.71%混合动力汽车912271313113290增长率　197.48%-51.68%150.95%合计501483681255217533增长率　66.89%50.00%39.68%销量　　　　纯电动汽车395655791137514604增长率　41.03%103.89%28.39%混合动力汽车781258014163038增长率　230.35%-45.12%114.55%合计473781591279117642增长率　72.24%56.77%37.93%数据来源：中汽协从远期上看，根据《节能与新能源汽车产业发展规划（2012-2020年）》，规划到2015年，纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车累计产销量力争达到50万辆；到2020年，累计产销量超过500万辆。以此，我国新能源汽车产业在未来数年将迎来快速增长阶段。“十三五”期间市场容量约450万辆。图3-5我国新能源汽车销量规划目标数据来源：电动汽车科技发展“十二五”专项规划treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof3.4章小节严重的环境污染问题、原油对外依赖度居高不下、汽车产业发展落后于发达国家等是我国坚持发展新能源汽车的主要背景和推动因素。2011年以来，PM2.5逐渐受到下至普通民众，上至中央政府的关注，在《中国低碳经济发展报告2013》基于京津冀区域原生排放的PM2.5的来源的调查指出，有50%的民众认为，机动车排放和道路扬尘是PM2.5排放的主要来源。同时每年我国新增的汽车产量高达2000万辆，这将给我国环境问题、能源问题带来极大的压力。中国的新能源汽车产业始于21世纪初，由于起步较晚，现阶段依然是以政府作为产业发展的最大推动力。无论是中央政府还是地方政府对电动汽车都给予了较大的政策支持力度。在经过近10年的政府培育和研究开发后，中国新能源汽车已经基本具备产业化基础，纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车都已开始小规模投放市场。由于电池续航里程和成本的因素，我国新能源汽车发展思路还是先从公共交通领域入手,通过公共领域汽车保有量的提高逐步推进配套措施的建设，从而逐渐向民用领域深入。从技术发展方向上看，我国新能源汽车的发展方向仍将以纯电动汽车为主。从产业规划来看，我国新能源汽车规划的目标是到2015年，纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车累计产销量力争达到50万辆；到2020年，纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力汽车生产能力达200万辆、累计产销量超过500万辆。目前，达到这个目标仍然存在难度，但随着补贴层面的推进和配套设施的完善，我国新能源汽车在经历了过去几年的低迷之后发展的速度应该是会逐渐提升，对于目前从事新能源汽车研发的整车企业是最大的利好。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof第四章新能源汽车上游产业分析4.1新能源汽车动力电池如果说内燃机汽车的心脏是动力系统，那么新能源汽车的心脏则是电池动力系统，因为电池系统的优劣直接关系到汽车的行驶里程、使用便利性等方面，而目前新能源汽车最大的技术瓶颈也恰恰是在电池系统上，比如对比能量、比功率、充放电效率以及稳定性、成本等都有极高的要求。表4-1新能源汽车电池系统的技术要求比能量为了提高电驱动的续航里程，要求汽车上动力电池需要最大限度的存储能量，但其前提是不能过多的增加车体自重、占用空间，所以需要电池组需要有很高的比能量。比功率为了能使电驱动的加速性能。爬坡性能以及负载性能与内燃机车相提并论，所以对于电池组的比功率会有很高的要求。充放电效率电池中能量必须经过充电-放电-充电的循环，高的充放电效率对于电驱动的行驶效率有着至关重要的作用。稳定性电池组应当在快速充电和放电的往复工况中保持性能的稳定性，使其在动力系统使用条件下能达到足够的放电循环次数。成本除了降低电池的初始购买成本，还要提高电池的使用寿命。安全性电池不能引起自燃或者燃烧，同时在发生车辆碰撞的时候，不会对驾乘人员造成人身伤害。数据来源：盖世汽车网目前新能源汽车所使用的动力电池主要包括铅酸电池、镍氢电池、锂电池等。除了轻度混合动力使用铅酸电池、中度混合动力车使用镍氢电池外，绝大多数的新能源汽车都是使用锂电池作为其核心部件。锂电池之所以能够在新能源汽车领域获得大规模普及，主要是由于它相比其他类型的电池，具有比能量高、循环寿命长、自放率低、使用温度范围宽、无记忆效应等优势。而镍氢电池由于比能量较低以及成本较高，性价比相对较低，将逐步被锂电池所取代。美国2015年实现100万辆电动车销量的计划以及日本的第四代普锐斯混合动力汽车都已提出要全面应用锂电池，而对于中国这样拥有巨大新能源汽车潜在市场的国家而言，锂电池无疑也是电池系统的首选，锂电池产业在下游新能源汽车的推动下将迎来重大的发展机遇。表4-2各种电池技术方案比较性能指标铅酸电池镍氢电池磷酸铁锂锰酸锂工作电压2.0V1.2V3.6V3.6Vtreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof比能量30wh/kg70mAh/g140mAh/g110mAh/g循环寿命（次）300-500约500>2000>500成本最低高较高低自放率4-5%30-35%<5%<5%记忆效应无有无无有害物质铅无无无数据来源：中国锂电网4.1.1锂电池4.1.1.1锂电池产业链分析锂电池产业链主要由锂矿资源、锂电池原材料(包括正极材料、负极材料、隔膜、电解液)以及电芯制造与封装构成，其中锂电池原材料占据了锂电池价值链的主要部分，约占锂电池总成本的75%。图4-1锂电池产业链正极材料负极材料隔膜电解液上游中游电芯制造与封装下游消费领域动力领域数据来源：公司公告图4-2锂电池成本结构treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：公开资料4.1.1.2锂电池行业规模分析与预测根据韩国SNE公司的预测，未来几年全球锂电行业将保持25%的复合增长率，2016年全球锂离子电池产量将达到950亿Wh，其中便携式设备用锂电池628亿Wh，电动汽车用锂电池236亿Wh，储能用锂电池87亿Wh。表4-3全球锂电池及原料需求预测201120122013201420152016便携式设备锂电池（亿Wh）291341402467543628电动汽车用锂电池（亿Wh）21314683146236储能用锂电池（亿Wh）41016416787锂电池总产量（亿Wh）316382465591756950正极材料（万吨）5.26.37.79.812.515.7负极材料（吨）33.64.45.67.18.9隔膜（亿平方米）2.32.83.44.35.56.9电解液（万吨）2.42.93.54.45.77.1数据来源：SNE2012年全球电动汽车用动力锂电池市场规模约为18亿美元，高工锂电产业研究所预计，2020年其市场规模有望扩增至150亿美元，2013年-2020年7年复合增长率为35%。基于全球动力锂电池巨大的市场需求增速，传统便携锂电池的生产商都在积极布局。从市场份额来看，传统锂电池生产企业仍然是动力锂电池市场的主导者，其中日韩锂电池企业占据了绝大部分市场份额，2012年前七大生产企业中，仅有1家是美国企业，其余分别是4家日本企业，2家韩国企业。图4-3全球动力锂电池市场格局treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：高工锂电产业研究所4.1.1.3我国锂电池行业发展状况对于锂电池产业链上的相关企业来说，全球锂电池需求的快速增长给它们带来了巨大的发展机遇，尤其是日、韩企业，它们凭借先进的技术实力和严格的质量管理占据了全球锂电产业链的顶端。相比之下，国内锂电行业相关企业在多个环节与日韩企业仍具有较大差距，其收入增长主要来源于两个部分：全球范围的锂电池需求增长以及产能向中国的转移。从整个产业链的各个环节来看，碳酸锂行业的最大壁垒在于锂资源，谁掌控了锂资源谁就拥有行业主导权。而对于技术壁垒较低的负极材料、电解液以及封装行业，国内企业在人力成本、规模等方面相比国外竞争对手拥有较为明显的比较优势，在全球范围内拥有较强的竞争力，产能转移较早开始。表4-4锂电池产业链分析产业链集中度壁垒附加值国内厂商磷酸锂较低资源较低天齐锂业、中信国安正极材料较高技术高杉杉股份、当升科技、中信国安负极材料高成本较低中国宝安、杉杉股份隔膜较高技术高佛塑股份、南洋科技电解液较高成本较低江苏国泰、新宙邦、杉杉股份电芯制造较高技术较高比亚迪、比克、力神封装低规模、成本低德赛电池、欣旺达数据来源：公开资料treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof正极材料、隔膜、电芯制造属于高技术壁垒、高附加值的行业，在这些领域里日韩企业拥有较高话语权，尤其是在高端市场，而国内企业则主要在中低端市场或者某个细分领域抢占份额，产能转移难度相对较大。国内企业若要在正极材料、隔膜、电芯制造领域实现大规模产业转移，难度依然较大，但也不是完全没有可能：首先，国内新能源汽车产业刚刚起步，随着国内需求的逐步增长，国内相关企业将首先受益。由于目前国内企业的下游需求主要来自全球锂电池的需求增长，而国内需求的增长将对国内企业起到明显的带动作用；其次，中低端市场空间依然巨大，国内企业可以凭借局部优势在某些细分领域获得发展；第三，国家政策支持以及资本投资将成为产能转移过程中的关键驱动因素，由于这些领域技术进步相对较快，研发投入大，因此若能在政策层面给予足够的支持，加大资本投资，将会有效提高国内企业的技术实力以及在全球市场的竞争力。4-5锂电池上游产业产能转移分析产能转移原因分析负极材料、电解液、封装：产能转移相对较快正极材料、隔膜、电芯制造：产能转移难度较大成本构成人力成本占比相对较高人力成本占比低技术进步相对较慢较快研发投入投入相对较少投入大与国外技术差距差距不明显差距巨大数据来源：公开资料4.1.2镍氢电池镍氢电池是20世纪90年代发展起来的一种新型电池，它的正极活性物质主要由镍制成，负极活性物质则由氢合金支撑，属碱性电池。目前商业化的镍氢电池功率可以达到1350W/kg。国内镍氢电池业以小型消费类镍氢电池产品为主，HEV用电池则主要由日本企业生产，供给日本汽车制造商。4.1.2.1镍氢电池产业链分析镍氢电池由氢氧化镍正极，储氢合金负极，隔膜纸，电解液，钢壳，顶盖，密封圈等组成。在圆柱形电池中，正负极用隔膜纸分开卷绕在一起，然后密封在钢壳中。图4-4镍氢电池产业链treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof氢氧化镍正极储氢合金负极隔膜纸电解液上游中游单体电池与电池组下游消费动力与回收数据来源：网络资料目前我国镍氢电池的产量占到了世界总产量的60%。具体到成本，根据行业平均数而言：动力电池由单体组成，单体的功率比传统的电池大很多。汽车电池规格是6.5安时、7.2伏。6个电池为一个模块，例如普锐斯20个模块为一个电池能量包，因此一个能量包中大约有120个电池（相比之下，越野车就是要用模块就更多）。单纯电池包价格大约1万/包，加管理系统大约2万/包；毛利率在30%。就排量而言，普锐斯是2.3排量，包括燃油系统1.5排量以及电力系统的0.8排量。4.1.2.2镍氢电池行业规模与预测我国镍氢电池增长乏力，近几年的产品产值、产量均未超过2008年的高峰。2011年，镍氢电池的产值、产量分别为55亿元、9.5亿只，与2008相比分别下降15.38%、26.36%。产品规模的缩小使得镍氢电池更不具规模经济，未来情景堪忧，其发展空间仍然取决于混合电动车的应用情况。图4-5镍氢电池产量产值规模treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：第一电动汽车网目前镍镉电池主要应用于电动工具，占比达到70%。在电动工具市场，镍氢和镍镉电池具有很好的互换性，但由于性能不如锂离子电池，以及镉金属的有毒性，未来镍镉电池的电动工具市场可能被锂离子电池更多地替代。从2008年开始，镍镉电池市场规模一直在缩小，2011年，镍镉电池的产值、产量分别为20亿元、4亿只，与2008相比分别下降55.56%、59.60%。4.1.2.3我国镍氢电池行业发展现状世界镍氢电池主要由中国和日本企业生产，占全球产量的95%以上。全球镍氢电池70%以上在中国生产，中国镍氢电池企业主要包括超霸、豪鹏、比亚迪、环宇、科力远、力可兴、三普、迪生、三捷、量能、格瑞普等。日本企业松下、汤浅、三洋已将小型镍氢电池生产转移到中国。然而，随着锂电行业等新能源的兴起，国内镍氢电池业承压不断加大，如果原材料价格不继续上涨，或许行业会有小幅增长，如果原材料价格再次攀升，产品替代压力将加大，镍氢电池企业面临进一步转型的压力。自2011年下半年开始，镍氢行业已经有部分上市公司出现亏损。我国镍氢电池行业已经开始逐渐被锂电池行业所替代，特别是在手机、新能源汽车应用等方面，这使得我国镍氢电池年产量、产值规模呈现持续下滑的态势。4.1.3铅酸电池4.1.3.1铅酸电池产业链分析铅酸蓄电池是可充电电池的一种，铅酸电池行业主要原料为铅，主要部件是正极板、负极板、隔板、电池槽盖（电池壳体）、电解液和接线端子等。铅原料经过生产和销售环节，到达汽车、通讯、电力等多个行业，废旧电池通过回收行业进行铅回收和再利用。铅酸蓄电池产业链完整，上下游都已经出现一批上市公司。图4-6铅酸电池产业链treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof正负极板电池槽盖隔板电解液上游中游电池制造与封装下游消费动力与回收数据来源：CSST铅酸蓄电池构造相对简单，生产条件要求低。极板通过在铅合金板栅表面涂覆活性物质制得：正极板和负极板所用活性物质分别为二氧化铅(PbO2)和铅(Pb)。电解液为硫酸溶液。电池槽盖多为ABS塑料和PP塑料。极柱多为铅材质，在对大电流放电性能要求高的电池，如汽车启动电池上也常见铜质极柱。图4-7铅酸电池的内部结构数据来源：CSST4.1.3.2铅酸电池规模分析与预测根据国家统计局的数据，2013年我国铅酸蓄电池产量达到2.05亿千伏安时，同比增长15.4%，从2007年到2013年间，除了2011年行业整治造成产量增速下滑以外，行业复合增速达到17.5%。图4-8我国铅酸电池年产量treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：国家统计局铅酸电池主要传统应用领域包括：汽车启动电池、通信电池和电动自行车动力电池，对于不同应用领域，铅酸电池的技术要求和行业竞争环境差异较大。汽车启动电池：汽车启动要求铅酸电池短时间内提供大功率，一般需要100-200A的电流，汽车整车厂商对于供应商有严格的认证机制，只有少数大型企业能够进入这一市场，但是对于维护市场，区域分布广泛，由于受到运输、市场推广成本的影响，中小厂商具备比较明显的区域特性。通信电池：通信电池主要是要小电流放电，考虑持久性，目前国内通信运营商主要采用集中采购、公开招标方式确定供应商，同时对供应商提出较高的准入要求，每年的中标企业数量保持在10家左右，中标企业能够获得长期稳定的订单，客观上形成了较高的进入壁垒。动力电池：动力电池要求大功率充放电性能，电动自行车制造商较多，市场较为分散，但国内大型电动自行车蓄电池制造商也有较为稳定的客户群，铅酸动力电池行业呈现寡头垄断局面，天能动力和超威动力占据了70%左右的市场份额。就在动力电池领域方面，铅酸电池主要应用于电动自行车、电动三轮车和低速电动汽车，分为一级市场和二级市场，其中一级市场为新车市场，二级市场为维护市场，目前铅酸电池的更换周期约为2年，可以预计2012treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof年铅酸动力电池的市场需求约为6110万千伏安时，到2015年有望达到1.05亿千伏安时，复合增速接近20%。表4-6铅酸电池在动力电池领域的市场需求与预测　电动自行车规格2008200920102011201220132014E2015E保有量　965210371115071297215000172311968622385新增需求　　719113714642028223124542700替换需求　　4826518557546486750086169843合计需求48V12AH　3194364141584904560563767225增速　　　14.01%14.17%17.96%14.29%13.76%13.31%电动三轮车保有量　　　　　1500220030964216新增需求　　　　　5007008961120替换需求　　　　　60088012381686合计需求48V20AH　　　　1056151720492694增速　　　　　　43.64%35.06%31.49%低速电动车保有量　　　　11.223.241.268.2108.2新增需求　　　　6.412182740替换需求　　　　2.244.648.2413.6421.64合计需求60V150AH　　　78150236366555增速　　　　　92.59%57.69%54.88%51.67%总合计需求　　　　　61107358879110473总需求增速　　　　　　20.43%19.47%19.14%数据来源：盖世汽车网CSST4.1.3.3我国铅酸电池行业发展现状由上述国内铅酸电池供给与需求的分析可知道，尽管近年来锂离子电池成为热点，但是铅酸电池作为技术成熟的化学电源，凭借其安全性高、价格低廉等优势在绝大多数传统领域和部分新兴应用领域占据着牢固的地位，其市场增速仍能保持20%以上的高态势。由于铅酸蓄电池可利用极板、硫酸液组装生产，技术门槛低，我国铅酸电池行业呈现中小型铅酸蓄电池生产企业众多，行业集中度低的特点。同时，中小企业分布零散、生产可控性差、监管难度大，不少企业通过不法手段降低环保成本，造成铅污染问题。因此，降低铅酸蓄电池生产企业的环境影响成为国家制定铅酸蓄电池产业政策时的主要出发点。n2005treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof年开始实施生产许可证制度，国家在发展规划中明确指出重点发展新型全密封面维护铅酸蓄电池，并鼓励新型蓄电池的研发、全行业实施清洁生产，2003年全国铅酸蓄电池生产厂家数量超过3000家，到2007年获得生产许可证的企业下降到1134家。n2010年浙江、安徽等地血铅事故频发，2011年环保部下发《关于加强铅蓄电池及再生铅行业污染防治工作的通知》，对中小产能进行整顿，行业登记在册的企业数量迅速下滑至300多家。n2012年国家工信部和环保部制定了《铅蓄电池行业准入条件》,方案规划2013年底前，淘汰镉含量大于0.002%的铅蓄电池，淘汰20万Kvah/年规模以下铅蓄电池生产企业，限制新建50万kvah/年规模以下铅蓄电池生产项目。2013年3月，《关于促进铅酸蓄电池和再生铅产业规范发展的意见》颁布，把铅酸蓄电池和再生铅行业作为国家淘汰落后产能的重点行业，决定到2015年底前淘汰未通过环境保护核查、不符合准入条件的落后生产能力，截至2013年底，环保部公布的前两批符合要求的铅蓄电池和再生铅企业名单中仅有24家企业上榜。图4-9近10年符合国家标准的铅酸电池生产企业数量变化数据来源：环保部4.2新能源汽车驱动电机电机是依据电磁感应定律实现将电能转换或传递的一种电磁装置。在电机内建立进行机电能量转换所必需的气隙磁场有两种方法：（1treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof）在电机绕组内通电流产生磁场，该种方法需要有专门的绕组和相应的装置，同时需要不断供给能量以维持电流流动。（2）由永磁体来产生磁场，可以简化电机结构，同时可节约能量。由永磁体产生磁场的电机就是永磁电机。电机主要由定子、转子和机械结构三大部分组成。其中，铁心是电机的定子和转子的重要组成部分，其损耗和机械强度特性是铁心的重要性能指标，而其损耗包括磁滞损耗和涡流损耗。具体到材料方面，铁心有无取向硅钢片和非晶合金。图4-10普通轿车中主要电机分布数据来源：技术在线4.2.1驱动电机分类车用电机一般可分为直流电机、无刷直流电机（BLDC）、永磁同步电机（PMSM）、开关磁阻电机（SRM）、感应电机（异步电机，IM）等。从技术新能角度看，永磁同步电机比较适用于电动轿车对高功率、大密度电机的要求，未来有望成为市场主流。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof目前市场上的电动汽车主要配备的是交流感应电机和永磁电机，前者欧美使用较多，特点是成本低，但转速区间小，效率低；后者受日系车青睐，转速区间和效率都有所提升，但是需要使用昂贵的稀土永磁材料钕铁硼，日本资源匮乏，面对日益升高的稀土价格，日本正在潜力开发开关磁阻电机，这种电机在性能上不输给永磁电机，重要的是摆脱了对稀土的依赖。由于中国稀土储量极大丰富，而且电机工艺已经接近世界先进水平，因此预计永磁电机将在较长时间内占据新能源汽车的电机市场。1）直流电机新能源汽车的所用直流电机为小功率永磁直流电机。一般为用于低压系统，如门窗电机、雨刮电机、转向助力电机、自动变速器执行电机等。由于电刷和换向器的引入，直流电机一般不宜应用于高压、高速的驱动系统中。2）无刷直流电机（BLDC）无刷直流电机是用电子换向装置代替了有刷直流电机的机械换向装置的一种交流永磁电机。其外特性好，具有低速大扭矩特性；调速范围宽；效率高；功率密度高；过载能力强；再生制动效果好。车用无刷直流电机主要用于主驱动系统。功率等级为几十到上百千瓦。由于位置传感器及电机本身表贴结构的可靠性，无刷直流电机渐渐被永磁同步电机所代替。3）永磁同步电机（PMSM）永磁同步电机属于交流永磁电机，其结构于无刷直流电机基本相同，工作性能基本也与无刷直流电机相同。永磁同步电机的转子主要由永磁体、转子铁心和转轴等构成。与普通电动机相比，永磁同步电动机还必须装有转子永磁体位置检测器，用来检测磁极位置，并以此对电枢电流进行控制，达到对永磁同步电机驱动控制的目的。4）开关磁阻电机（SRM）开关磁阻电机是一种定子单边激励电机，定、转子都做成凸极结构的磁阻电动机。可控参数多，调速性能好；结构简单，成本低；起动转矩大，起动电流小；热稳定性能好。转矩脉动现象较大；双边凸极结构对结构强度有一定的影响。其运行原理为磁阻最小原理，磁通总要沿着磁阻最小路径闭合，其工作原理与步进电机相同。5）感应电机（异步电机，IM）treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof异步电机可以分为笼型异步电动机和绕线型异步电动机。结构简单，制造、使用、维护方便，运行可靠性高，重量轻，成本低，工艺成熟。异步电机转子绕组电流完全由电磁感应原理产生，即由定子电流通过，而交流永磁电机的转子磁场由永磁体提供。因此，异步电机的效率及功率因数低于永磁电机。同时，异步电机存在转差率，低速启动性能一般；其一般用于客车与大巴上。除了上述主流电机外，还有一些新兴车用电机技术，如：电励磁同步电机（德国大陆公司），辅助线圈技术对转子磁场进行控制（日本名古屋工业大学），盘式永磁同步电机（日本北海道大学），定子线圈切换技术，保证电机宽转速范围内高效率（日本安川电机）。4.2.2各驱动电机性能比较纵观全球范围内新能源汽车电机系统的发展，早期一直是采用控制性能最好和成本较低的直流有刷电机，但随着电机技术、机械制造技术、电力电子技术和自动控制技术的不断发展，永磁同步电机和开关磁阻电机显示出比直流有刷电机更加优越的性能。永磁同步电机和交流异步电机和已经成为当今新能源汽车的主流驱动电机，在乘用车领域永磁同步电机凭借高转矩密度、高效率以及转速范围宽等优势，已经基本占领了国内外市场；在商用车领域，考虑到商用车空间相对较大，交流异步电机可靠性比较高，因此仍有大量厂商采用交流异步电机的技术路线；而开关磁阻电机系统虽然有较好的性价比和可靠性，但是固有的转矩脉动大，噪声大的缺点使得它在乘用车等非常重视舒适度的车辆上几乎无法使用。因此从综合性能来看，永磁同步电机系统仍然是最优的选择，但最后还是要根据新能源汽车自身的特殊要求来决定电机的类型。表4-7各类型电机性能对比性能指标直流有刷电机永磁同步电机三相异步电机开关磁阻电机最高效率85-8990-9794-969010%负荷时效率80-8790-9279-8578-86最高转速4000-60004000-100009000-15000<15000单位输出效率的成本11-1.50.8-1.20.6-1.0尺寸大小大小较小小重量重轻轻轻可靠性良良优优数据来源：《汽车与配件》表4-8汽车电机比较性能直流有刷电机交流异步电机永磁同步电机开关磁阻电机功率密度差一般好一般转矩转速一般好好好treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof转速范围4000-600090000-150004000-15000>15000操作性最好好好好可靠性差好一般好结构坚固性差好一般好尺寸质量大、重一般一般小、轻小、轻成本高低高低于感应电机控制器成本低高高一般数据来源：电动汽车产业研究分析报告4.2.3驱动电机产业链分析驱动电机的产业链驱动模式可以简单概括为在下游需求，尤其是汽车产业需求快速增长的推动下，驱动电机获得了很好的发展机遇，进而对上游原材料和电子产业起到良好的拉动作用。从产业链角度看，钕铁硼（磁材）是永磁电机的上游原料，随着新能源汽车的普及发展，将刺激稀土磁材需求。钕铁硼的磁性能高，性价比高，不足之处是工作温度较低；目前国内及日本车用永磁电机一般采用钕铁硼永磁材料。图4-11新能源驱动电机产业链上游中游新能源汽车驱动电机下游混合动力汽车纯电动汽车矿产资源：稀土镨钕原材料：永磁材料(钕铁硼)、硅钢、钢、铝等数据来源：CSST图4-12电机各组成部分产值占比图4-13驱动电机的价值构成treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：公司公告数据来源：国家信息中心l永磁材料未来新能源汽车和变频设备是磁材发展的主要领域。对于新能源汽车而言，如果混动汽车使用永磁同步电机，单位需要磁材2.5千克/辆；而纯电动汽车若永磁同步电机，其单位需要磁材会更多，具体的用量按照电机个数倍增。永磁材料是永磁电机的重要构成部分，而永磁材料必需依赖钕等稀土资源，以Pruis为例，Pruis的每台电机就需要一公斤的钕。钕铁硼作为第三代稀土永磁材料，具有较高磁能级、较强矫顽力和高性价比等优点，因此在汽车领域有着广泛应用。由于全球绝大部分稀土产量均来自中国，随着一系列稀土产量调控措施的出台，全球稀土供需状况将更为紧张，我国在永磁电机生产的资源优势也将逐步显现。自2003年起，烧结NdFeB磁体在美国已完全停止生产，在欧洲也已基本停产，世界磁材产业逐步向中国转移，中国也凭借价格优势和资源优势迅速成为世界磁材产业的中心。具体而言，以一辆一般轿车为例，除了驱动电机外，整车还大约有30个部位需要使用到永磁体材料，包括冷却风扇电动机、遮阳光机构电动机、磁带传动电动机、防模糊机构用电动机、门锁机构用电动机、窗玻璃开闭用电动机、燃料泵用电动机、座椅作用器电动机等，如果是豪华轿车，则需要使用部位达到70-80只。这样计算下来，如果考虑高效节能，除了驱动电机外，每辆一般轿车还约需要用永磁体2-3千克。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof目前国内进入该领域的上市公司主要有中科三环和宁波韵升，两者是国内最大的两家钕铁硼供应商。随着全球汽车产商在电动汽车领域的加速扩大，将会进一步刺激对钕铁硼的需求，国内企业将受益明显。据估计，每台混合动力汽车电机约需使用5kg高性能钕铁硼永磁材料。l硅钢材料硅钢是含硅量在3-5%左右的硅铁合金，它也是目前产量最大的金属功能材料，主要应用于各种电机、发电机和变压器的铁芯，它的性能会直接影响到电机的效率。硅钢材料生产工艺较为复杂，在制造技术上也非常严格，国外的生产技术都以专利形式加以保护。近年来，在生产技术不断进步的基础上，技术壁垒不再成为阻碍钢厂涉足的门槛，投产硅钢的钢厂几乎成了“过江之鲫”。而钢厂“一窝蜂式”的投产，带来的便是当前硅钢行业产能过剩，同质化竞争严重，价格的持续下跌。4.2.4我国驱动电机行业发展状况作为电机行业的细分领域，电动汽车驱动电机是一个小行业。由于这一行业处于起步阶段，总体上市场规模并不大，但随着下游电动汽车行业的快速兴起，预计未来驱动电机的市场规模将逐步扩大。2012年中国电动汽车驱动电机总体产量（含出口）大约3.8万套，产值达到15.3亿元。随着国家在新能源汽车领域的政策逐步落地，以及新能源汽车产业在技术和市场方面的逐渐突破，新能源汽车驱动电机需求量将保持较快的增长。赛迪经智预计，“十二五”末我国新能源汽车驱动电机整体市场规模将达到250亿元左右。图4-14中国驱动电机市场规模预测（亿元）treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：赛迪资讯由于驱动电机需满足各种特殊要求，技术门槛较高，所以我国目前电动汽车驱动电机生产企业数量并不多。新成立的高新技术企业是这一行业的主力军，它们一般是通过与清华大学、北京理工大学等高校或者科研院所进行合作获得相应技术，这些企业的市场地位很明确，就是专注于电动汽车驱动电机的生产和研发。除了新成立的高新企业外，我国还有很多驱动电机企业是由传统整车及零部件生产企业或电机制造商转型而来，这些企业具有较为成熟的生产体系以及研发能力，所以也能够较好的满足驱动电机的生产要求。虽然目前驱动电机行业规模还较小，但其成长潜力吸引了一大批优秀的外资电机生产商参与到这一领域的竞争。如博世、电装、日立等世界最大的几家电机生产商都已通过合资或直接投资的形式成立驱动电机生产部门，它们凭借在在电机领域的先进生产经验以及高品质的产品迅速占据国内市场的一部分份额，对国内企业形成了巨大的威胁。国内企业在驱动电机生产方面与外资企业相比优势在于：首先，我国拥有丰富的稀土资源，可以为驱动电机的生产提供重要的原材料钕铁硼；其次，我国的电机产品在性价比上具有一定优势，能够在中低端产品上具有一定竞争力。当然，国内的驱动电机生产与外资企业仍然有不小差距，主要体现在：首先，由于国内驱动电机生产尚处于起步阶段，所以制造工艺相对落后，在产品的可靠性、一致性以及集成化水平上还有待进一步提高；其次，国内在硅钢、电机高速轴承等核心原材料上研发能力较弱，进口依赖较为严重，而进口产品成本往往较高，影响驱动电机产业的发展。4.3新能源汽车电控系统4.3.1电控系统简介新能源汽车电控系统主要包括电池管理系统、电机控制系统、能量回馈系统、电动助力转向系统等环节。新能源动力系统主要是指除了行驶系统、动力系统、车身系统将传统汽车产业链进行延伸以外增加的电池管理系统、电机控制系统、动力总成控制系统。图4-15电控系统产业链结构treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：赛迪经智构成新能源汽车电控系统的主要元器件包括：芯片与专用器件、车用MCU、电子控制模块、功率驱动模块（IPM/IGBT/Mosfe）、车用传感器、系统集成及软件、接插件等。与传统汽车的控制系统相比，新能源汽车电控系统的控制单元数量及复杂程度远远高于传统车；各个电子控制单元可以更好的协调工作；稳定性能和安全性要求也更高。这对于新能源汽车电控系统发展提出了更高的要求：需要新的开发方法和手段；需要能够提供系统级的解决方案、而不仅仅是控制器的运转；零部件供应商与系统集成商统一软件接口平台；开发周期需要缩短。图4-16混合动力车电子控制系统treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：车用电机基础及电子控制系统永磁化、数字化、集成化将是汽车电机及控制系统的发展趋势。传统汽车的驱动部件变速箱在新能源汽车中将被电机驱动系统取而代之，但新能源汽车同时也对电机及驱动系统提出更高效率要求、温度耐受要求和更低成本要求。电机及控制系统作为关键的驱动部件，在整车的成本比重约占15%，从发展趋势看，永磁同步驱动电机，控制系统及功能单元数字化，电机与变速箱、电机与发动机、电机与电子部件集成一体化是汽车电机及驱动系统的发展方向。4.3.2电池管理系统电池管理系统（BMS）是解决电池一致性的关键，是新能源汽车必备的重要零部件，与汽车动力电池组共同构成电池系统，为新能源汽车提供动力。电池管理系统（BMS）除了通过协调各个电池单体，来弥补单体一致性不足对成组电池带来的影响之外，其他作用还包括“监测”——记录电池组电压、剩余电量（SOC）、温度等参数，“保护”——防止过充电、过放电、短路、超温等对电池有害刺激的发生。BMS在动力电池包中占1/10的成本。BMS除了必需的电池控制单元以外，针对每个电池都要有检测处理单元。因此，BMS的价格与电池包中的单体电池数量是成正比。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof4.3.3电机控制系统电机驱动控制系统决定着新能源汽车能否安全可靠地运行，是驱动系统的核心。电机控制系统主要由逆变器（主要部件是IGBT功率模块）、逆变驱动器、电源模块、中央控制模块、软起动模块、保护模块、散热系统信号检测模块等组成，其中IGBT占整个控制器成本的40-50%。电动汽车时速快慢和启动速度取决于驱动电机的功率和性能，其续行里程之长短取决于车载动力电池容量之大小，选用各种系统取决于制造商对整车档次的定位和用途以及市场界定、市场细分。图4-17电机控制器的价值构成数据来源：国家信息中心4.3.4国内外电控系统发展状况国外发展状况：电控系统的开发包括软、硬件设计。核心软件一般由整车厂研发，硬件和底层驱动软件可选择由汽车零部件厂商提供。（1）海外整车控制器技术趋于成熟。大部分汽车企业在电动汽车领域积累充足，控制策略成熟度高，整车节油效果良好，控制器产品通过市场检验证实了可靠性；（2）汽车电子零部件企业积极开展整车控制器研发和生产制造。各汽车电子零部件巨头，如德尔福、大陆、博世集团都纷纷进行整车控制器研发和生产。部分汽车设计公司也为整车厂提供整车控制器技术方案，如AVL、FEV、RICARDO等，在电动汽车整车控制器领域也有不少成功案例；treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof（3）控制器日趋标准化。控制器的标准化已引起相关企业关注，由全球汽车制造商、部件供应商及电子、半导体和软件系统公司，联合建立了汽车开放系统架构联盟，形成了AUTOSAR（汽车开放系统构架）标准，简化了开发流程并使ECU软件具有复用性，是控制器开发的一个趋势。国内发展状况：目前国内电动客车企业，主要采用国内电驱动产品，包括上海电驱动、大洋电机等，少数企业选取伊诺华、伊顿等国外品牌。市场格局层面，目前上海电驱动占据国内新能源汽车电机、电控主要市场，份额约50-60%，其他主要企业包括大洋电机、上海大郡等。4.4章小节电动汽车产业链包括上游的锂离子电池、电机及电控系统等。其中锂离子电池是未来新能源汽车电池的最重要选择，在可看得见的未来不会有可替代技术出现并替代锂离子电池在新能源汽车领域的重要性。当然，锂离子电池产业链长，是新能源汽车发展的最大掣肘，产业链的任何技术突破都将带动整个新能源汽车行业的发展。2012年全球电动汽车用动力锂电池市场规模约为18亿美元，随着新能源汽车的发展，未来几年全球锂电行业有望保持25%的复合增长率，2016年全球锂离子电池产量将达到950亿Wh，其中电动汽车用锂电池236亿Wh。在驱动电机方面，永磁同步电机和交流异步电机和已经成为当今新能源汽车的主流驱动电机。其中，永磁同步电机凭借高转矩密度、高效率以及转速范围宽等优势主要应用在乘用车领域；交流异步电机由于可靠性比较高，被广泛应用于商用车领域。随着国家在新能源汽车领域的政策逐步落地，以及新能源汽车产业在技术和市场方面的逐渐突破，新能源汽车驱动电机需求量将保持较快的增长。预计，“十二五”末我国新能源汽车驱动电机整体市场规模将达到250亿元左右。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof随着新能源汽车产销规模逐步增长，行业增长动力由下游向上游传导，行业产能盈利后，大多数的新增价值量均被上游电动车核心零部件、动力电池、上游矿产行业瓜分，整车厂分享的利润相当有限，因此在进行新能源汽车投资时也应该抓住产业链条的核心，即电池和周边的电机、电控系统。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof第五章新能源汽车下游市场分析新能源汽车下游产业主要包括与新能源汽车配套的基础设施建设和服务，其中基础设施建设有充电站（桩）和电池更换站，而服务主要包括电池租赁和其他配套服务。图5-1新能源汽车下游产业下游电池回收……………..电池租赁充电设施充电桩建设充电运维其他数据来源：盖世汽车网5.1新能源汽车充电站5.1.1充电系统简介电动车充电装置包括：充换电站、充电桩。充换电站安装多个充电机，主体为封闭式的充电室，主要包括以下结构：（1）配电站。（2）充电机。（3）充电平台。（4）监控室。图5-2电动车充电系统treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：网络资料一般而言，充电站给电动汽车充电的方式主要有普通充电和快速充电两种模式，而对于一些续驶里程长而又没能及时充电的情况，换电或许是更佳的一种选择方案。表5-1电动汽车充放电方式比较普通充电快速充电换电充电方式交流充电直流充电直接更换电池组充电时间5-8h10-15min取决于工作人员更换效率优点充电器和安装成本比较低;可充分利用电力低谷时段进行充电，降低充电成本;可提高充电效率和延长电池的使用寿命充电时间短;充电电池寿命长(可充电2000次以上);没有记忆性，可以大容量充电及放电，在几分钟内就可充70%～80%的电提高车辆使用效率和用户使用便捷性；降低充电成本，提高车辆运行经济性缺点充电时间过长，有紧急运行需求时难以满足充电器充电效率较低，且相应的工作和安装成本较高;充电站的建设和管理以及电池的流通管理成为主要问题应用领域小型电动汽车、PHEV中型及以上电动车中型及以上电动车数据来源：中国新能源网从成本构成来看，充电机、充电桩为充电站核心设备，占充电站总成本的45%-55%。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof交流充电桩由桩体、充电插座、保护控制装置、计量装置、刷卡装置、人机交互界面等组成。其中计量装置安装有电能表，对输出电量进行计量。刷卡装置装有IC卡读卡器，与电能表进行通讯。从成本构成来看，充电桩成本主要由桩体、电能计量装置等构成，预计国网集采后较小的慢充电桩价格4000元左右，毛利率约30%。表5-2充电桩部分结构和功能结构功能计量装置配置单相交流电能表，对电桩输出电能量进行计量。具有手动计费功能或与计费装置的接口。刷卡装置IC卡读卡装置，与充电桩内置交流电能表进行通讯。人机交互装置显示各状态下的相关信息，包括运行状态、充电电量、计费信息等。其他通讯功能：与上级监控管理系统的通讯接口。资料来源：中国电动汽车充电站报告5.1.2我国充电站的建设与发展状况在国家政策和地方政府的合力扶持下电动汽车充电站已经进入了快速建设时期，尤其是在北京、上海、深圳等大中城市，充电站已较为普遍。虽然国内充电站建设已形成规模。截至2013年底，我国已建成充电站数量384座、充电桩12127个。根据全国新能源汽车推广应用城市及充电桩建设规划，预计2015年底全国将建成充电站1074座、充电桩15万个，相比2013年分别增长200%和1170%。分区域来看，北京、上海、浙江城市群、广东充电站、充电桩建设推进较快。表5-3我国主要地区充换电站和充电桩安装进度地区时间安装进度北京2013年11月底充换电站69座（包含充电桩1112台），充电桩共计1347台。上海2013年底充换电站24座，充电桩2020个。充电桩私人、单位、公共区域比例6∶3∶1。深圳2013年6月底充电站81座、充电桩3328个。广州2012年底充电站52个。天津2014年初充换电站7座,充电桩471个。重庆2013年底200个交流充电桩，3座综合充电站，9座快速充电站。杭州2013年6月底62座换电站，620个充电桩。数据来源：网络资料treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof5.1.3我国充电站的发展趋势根据《电动汽车科技发展十二五专项规划》，我国规划到2015年底，在20个以上示范城市和周边区域建成由40万个充电桩、2000个充换电站构成的网络化供电体系。表5-4我国主要地区充换电站和充电桩建设规划地区时间建设规划北京2014年内建设1000个公用快充桩。区域分布：加油站、高速路服务区、路侧停车区域、电力营业网点、大型商圈、新能源汽车4S店等。北京2017年累计建成充换电站107座、充电桩18.8万个。上海2015年累计建成充电桩6000个以上，50个公共充换电站。深圳2015年累计建成168座公交充电站，50座出租车充电站，526个快速充电桩，39000个慢速充电桩。广州未来计划建设各类充电站105个，各类充电桩（机）9970个天津2015年累计建设66个充、换电站和6700个充电桩。重庆2015年累计建成5座综合充电站11座快速直流充电站，275个慢充充电桩。杭州未来将建成集中充电站4座，充换电站38座，配送中心145座，充电桩3500套。数据来源：网络资料从充电设施的建设主体上看，电网公司将是最近两年建设的主力军。国家电网将在“十二五”期间建设充换电站2351座、充电桩22万个。限于充电时间长以及电动汽车保有量小等制约因素的影响，中石油及中石化短时间内不会在其加油站（1500平米以上）大规模铺开充电站建设。充电不像加油，加油只要几分钟，而充电时间太长，这会导致充电站位置被长时间占用，降低充电站的使用效率。但长期来看，已有充电网点将伴随着电动车的普及而逐步出现充电设施对加油设施的替代。另一方面，在充电方式的选择上，我国一直存在着充电与换电的模式之争。其中充电模式以国内汽车制造商为代表，如比亚迪、江淮等，而换电模式则以电网及石油企业，如国网、南网。由于两个阵营的利益之争，对于充电模式的选择在短期内仍难有定论，两种模式也将在融合中探索最佳的方案。这其中国家电网在电动汽车充换电站的建设上走在前列，其推崇的是换电模式，其中青岛薛家岛智能充换储放一体化示范电站安全运营两周年。目前，该站共计安全运营713天，换电138633次，服务车辆行驶里程1810万公里、消耗电量1788万千瓦时，各项关键运行数据屡创新高。对电动汽车充电模式的选择具备一定的示范作用。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof图5-3充电站与充电桩数据来源：盖世汽车网在充电站的建设过程中需要很多设备，包括充电桩、充电机、电能监控系统、有源滤波装臵以及变压器等，相关的上市公司也将在充电站建设中直接受益。表5-5充电站设备主要工业企业主要设备供应企业充电桩和充电机奥特迅、动力源、国电南瑞、思源电气、中恒电气有源滤波装置思源电气、森源电气电能监控系统国电南瑞、国电南自数据来源：盖世汽车网5.2新能源汽车配套服务电池租赁是新能源汽车配套服务中的一个新兴产业，消费者只需向厂家缴纳一定数额的押金和每月固定费用的租金，就可以拥有电动汽车的使用权。租赁模式是由厂家来承担新能源汽车的较高成本，最大限度地降低消费者购买和使用新能源汽车的“门槛”。对于汽车生产商，可以通过消费者的租赁使用获得第一手反馈信息，发现产品需要改进的地方；而对于普通消费者来说，能够更容易接触和使用新能源汽车，体会新能源汽车带来的全新低碳生活。5.3章小节成熟的新能源汽车行业应该是由销量所拉动的自下而上推动逻辑，而销量则直接与用户实际体验与购买意愿相关。而对客户实际体验相关的主要是充电问题，解决了充电问题就能解决消费者购买新能源汽车的主要顾虑之一。随着新能源汽车市场的逐渐释放，在政策推动、汽车厂商加紧研发生产的背景下，我国充、换电站、充电桩市场将面临巨大的空间需求。目前，treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof我国已建成充电站数量384座、充电桩12127个，各地方政府也纷纷发布充换电站和充电桩建设规划。与此同时，国内油企、电企开始大肆布局充电站市场，其中家电网在电动汽车充换电站的建设上走在前列。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof第六章新能源汽车市场竞争状况分析6.1特斯拉6.1.1企业概况特斯拉电动车（TeslaMotorsInc）成立于2003年，总部位于美国加州硅谷，主要从事纯电动汽车的设计、制造和销售，也向第三方提供电动汽车动力系统的研究开发和代工生产服务。2008年2月，特斯拉汽车公司生产出了其第一辆电动敞篷跑车——Roadster，最初的七辆被设定为“创始人系列”由各出资人所拥有。目前，Tesla主要生产有Roadster、ModelS、ModelX等车型。特斯拉在美国、欧洲和日本设有自营的产品销售网络，并提供电动汽车在线订制及购买服务。戴姆勒奔驰和丰田汽车是特斯拉的股东及战略合作伙伴，特斯拉也向它们提供电动汽车动力系统的研发及代工服务。2010年6月，特斯拉在纳斯达克上市，IPO发行价17.00美元，净募集资金1.84亿美元。特斯拉由此成为1956年福特汽车IPO以来第一家上市的美国汽车制造商，也是目前唯一一家在美国上市的纯电动汽车独立制造商。图6-1Tesla历年营业收入与净利润数据来源：Tesla官网6.1.2新能源汽车发展战略Tesla的成功得益于其得当的定位、炫酷的理念、革新的电池技术以及完备的营销网络。Teslatreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof不断提升的销量和盈利的逐渐改善，让电动车行业真正意义上的民用和产业化成为了可能，越来越多的上游原材料和配套设施的企业更愿意在电动车领域进行投入。得当的定位：Tesla自诞生以来一直坚持最初构想的“三步走”发展战略：首先开发高端、高性能的运动型电动汽车，在证实电动汽车可行性的同时，要足够“炫”以吸引自己的第一批目标顾客：有环保意识的高收入人士、注重公众形象的社会名流，特别是硅谷的青年才俊和好莱坞的明星；第二阶段是开发价格接近奔驰、宝马等豪华品牌的电动轿车；第三阶段是推出价格能被普通大众接受、可以大规模推广的低成本经济型电动汽车。“生产跑车-用销售跑车的利润生产消费者能买得起的车-用获取的利润生产更便宜的车-为购买汽车的消费者提供零排放选择。”一直是Tesla的市场定位和发展策略。图6-2Tesla的三阶段发展策略高端跑车级电动车价格接近Benz的车大众能接受普通电动车普通大众中上收入人士明星与社会名流RoadsterModelSGenIII第一阶段第二阶段第三阶段开发理念车型受众数据来源：Tesla炫酷的理念：通过独特的外观设计和科技的理念来打动消费者是Tesla成功的重要原因之一。与苹果相似，“炫”和“酷”的外观是Tesla带给消费者的第一理念，这也是Tesla从高端入手并成功吸引了高端人士的关键之一。ModelX汽车ModelS汽车数据来源：Tesla官网treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof革新的电池技术：公司采用的是8000节18650型电池并联组成，18650型电池本身并非新的技术，而是早就运用到了笔记本电脑等领域，但正是这种小型电池提供了足够汽车充放电的能量密度单元，也为电动汽车提供了超越同级别汽车的动力，从续航里程来说，Tesla和Roadster远远超过了同类的电动汽车车型，目前的续航里程超过300英里。图6-3Tesla将大量电池集成在一起数据来源:Tesla官网完备的直销网络：目前Tesla建立了非常完备的直销网络，这也是借鉴苹果的销售模式，通过建立直销网络可以提高效率，优化库存。但是直销模式也将占用一定的现金，这也是Tesla目前进行增发的原因，如果增发的资金到位，Tesla体验店能够进一步扩张，可以预期的是Tesla的电动车销售将进一步得到提升。图6-4Tesla在美国建立的营销网络treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：Tesla目前，Tesla正在向欧洲、亚洲等地扩张布局。可以预计，未来其对于整个电动车的格局将起到了决定性的作用。虽然我国电动车产业虽然有比亚迪等一批优秀的企业的推进，但是2012年全年仅仅销售11241辆纯电动车，而且大部分在公共交通领域。现在整个新能源汽车领域是否能够借鉴Tesla的模式实现纯电动汽车整个产业的增长是新能源汽车真正能否爆发的关键。6.1.3已推出新能源汽车产品RoadsterRoadster是特斯拉汽车公司在全球范围内推出的第一款电动跑车，也是全球首款量产版电动敞篷跑车。截止到2010年7月，特斯拉公司已经累计生产了1200多台Roadster，销往的国家和地区累计达到28个。Roadster每次充电可行驶393公里，0至100公里加速时间仅为3.7秒。其最高时速可达到320公里以上，是第一辆能够达到这一速度的以锂电池技术为支撑的电动车。Roadster每公里耗电量为0.135度。ModelSModelS是特斯拉汽车公司制造的第二辆电动跑车，该车是一款四门轿跑，整车线条看上去优雅、大气却不失动感。ModelS在2011年年中正式投入量产，在2012年6月开始交付客户。该车提供三种不同的电池容量供客户挑选，分别为40千瓦时、60千瓦时以及85千瓦时，三中电池所提供的最大巡航里程分别为256公里、370公里和480公里。高达422马力的电动发动机让ModelS百公里加速只需4.4秒，0-400米加速只需13.2秒。ModelS2013年全球销量达到了22300辆，高于市场预期的20000辆。图6-5特斯拉modelS销量情况treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：Tesla官网ModelX2012年2月，特斯拉汽车公司发布了全新车型——纯电动SUVModelX。整车搭载了纯电动系统，两台电动机分别装置在前后轴。0-100km/h加速可在五秒之内完成，重量较ModelS重10%。ModelX提供两种不同的电池容量（60/85千瓦时）供客户选择。6.2丰田汽车公司6.2.1企业概况丰田汽车公司是全球最大的汽车制造商。公司的业务主要分为三个部分：汽车业务，汽车金融服务和其他业务。汽车业务包括设计，制造，组装，如卡车及相关零部件和配件，轿车，微型客车和商用车，销售。金融服务业务主要包括向经销商提供融资和为购买或租赁的丰田汽车顾客；还提供通过源于丰田经销商购买零售租赁租赁合同。此外，丰田还涉及设计和制造的预制房屋和信息技术相关业务。6.2.2新能源汽车发展战略对于汽车产品的可持续发展，丰田公司未来的技术举措主要表现在两个方面：一是努力提高传统动力汽车的节油水平，降低燃油消耗，同时努力发展混合动力车型。另一方面则是积极开发可以摆脱石油的纯电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车以及燃料电池汽车。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof首先，丰田将对传统的车辆进行相应的节能改造，以降低燃油消耗。例如提高动力传动效率、通过轻量化等降低车辆的行驶阻力，引入制动能量回收和怠速停机等技术。丰田也将在提高发动机效率上，会积极推进增压小型化技术的发展和应用。图6-6丰田对传统动力的汽车进行降低油耗的技术改良数据来源：丰田新能源技术路线图其次，以混合动力车型作为基础，丰田进而逐渐衍生出几个新能源车型。通过给HEV（混合动力）技术增加外部充电功能，则可以有效的利用外部电力，也就是所说的插电式混合动力技术（PHEV）。另外，从PHEV中取出发动机，增加电池容量，就成为一辆纯电动汽车（EV），它可以满足城市内短途出行的需要。在EV上增加燃料电池，就成为了燃料电池混合动力车型（FCHEV）。这样一来，通过开发HEV所积累起来的电池、电机等核心技术就成为新能源车的基础技术。当然，在推进与电力同等重要的替代燃料——氢能的利用方面，丰田也正在应用HEV的技术开发FCHEV。续航距离、低温启动性等技术课题都在逐步攻克，同时也在进行成本降低的工作。图6-7混合动力汽车衍生出多种新能源汽车treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：丰田新能源技术路线图6.2.3已推出新能源汽车产品1992年，丰田汽车公司发布了一则关于新能源汽车开发的目标文件——《地球宪章》。此文件阐述了丰田公司对于未来开发和销售新能源汽车的战略与目标。1993年9月，丰田汽车研发中心G21团队决定开发并制造一台综合了环保理念和现代汽车文化的新能源汽车。1994年底，经过一年多的不懈努力G21团队设计出了一款混和动力概念车——“Prius普锐斯”。1997年12月丰田公司正式对外发布了世界上第一款量产混合动力车普锐斯。图6-8丰田HEV在中国的发展史treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof数据来源：丰田新能源技术路线图Prius普锐斯prius于1997年10月底问世，是世界上最早实现批量生产的混合动力汽车。在人们日益关注环保的今天，普锐斯prius因革命性地降低了车辆燃耗和尾气排放，其划时代之意义与先进性得到了全世界的高度评价。2005年12月15日正式在中国上市的新款普锐斯prius，是第二代普锐斯prius，它装备了新一代丰田混合动力系统thsii这是在上一代丰田混合动力系统ths的基础上，以能够同时提高环保性能和动力性能的“hybridsynergydrive（混合动力同步驾驶）”为概念开发的。thsii通过提升电源系统的电压使马达功率提高到原来的1.5倍，并通过控制系统的改进解决了一系列的技术难题，从而使发动机动力与马达动力的协同增效作用得到极大程度的发挥。新款普锐斯prius除了拥有新一代丰田混合动力系统thsii特有的“平滑而强劲的动力性能”和“世界顶级的环保性能”外，还拥有前卫的造型、舒适的操控性能、以及电子排档、带湿度感应器的电动变频自动空调等引人注目的卓越功能和先进装备。雷克萨斯RX450h作为一款混合动力车，雷克萨斯RX450h2010款使用了最新的雷克萨斯混合驱动，搭载3.5升V6和两个电子发动机，一前一后，额定输出功率295马力，比即将退市的RX400h增加了27%，燃油经济性提升了8%。这款车还有一个特点是可变电动汽车模式（EV），驾驶者可以只用电池驱动。CT200HCT200h专为那些追求卓越品质又倡导低排放的人群而打造，它是全球第一款搭载了完全油电混合动力系统的豪华掀背车型。雷克萨斯油电混合动力新生代轿车CT200h作为雷克萨斯引入中国市场的第四款油电混合动力车型，是首款发动机排量小于2.0升的车型，CT200h将环保与豪华、静谧与激情、优雅与魅力完美融于一体。CT200h于2011年10月26日正式登陆中国市场。CT200h在中国市场提供四种版本供消费者选择，其市场建议价格分别为：精英版27.90万元人民币、领先版33.90万元人民币、FSPORT版36.50万元人民币和豪华版44.50万元人民币。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof6.3本田汽车公司6.3.1公司概况自1948年作为一家摩托车制造商诞生至今，本田不断发展壮大，现在是世界第七大汽车制造商和盈利最高的汽车制造商之一。公司总部在日本东京，在全球29个国家和地区拥有130个以上的生产基地，产品包括摩托车、汽车和通用产品等，是全球最大的摩托车厂家，汽车的产量和规模也排名世界十大厂家之列。本田在日本占有15%的市场份额，超过日产（Nissan），仅次于丰田（Toyota）。在几乎占据了本田营业利润三分之二的北美市场，本田已经建立了第五家汽车装配厂，并且正在对"叁大"汽车制造商最后的堡垒──轻型卡车市场发起进攻。它在新型燃料方面也占据着重要地位。6.3.2新能源汽车发展战略本田今后十年发展方向的核心就是“将优质产品快速、低价、低碳的提供给顾客”。除了快速的满足市场需求以外，本田还将降低二氧化碳排放以及降低制造成本作为了未来发展的三块基石，并将在“提高环保技术”、“强化生产体制”和“强化发展中市场事业”这三个方向进行突破。多元化发展是本田在新能源汽车领域发展的战略。在混合动力汽车方面，本田所开发的“IMA混动系统”将更加容易的在旗下更为丰富的产品线得以应用，其混动技术要比丰田技术更为简化；在纯电动车方面，本田不断加快新产品的推进速度，预计将在2012年投放市场，而在更为高效的燃料电池领域，本田的FCXClarity车型将得到进一步的提升与完善。从长期看，燃料电池电动车是终极的环保技术，Honda将进一步推动燃料电池电动车“FCXClarity”技术进步。而短期内，电动车仍是本田在零排放领域主攻的重点项目。本田将利用燃料电池电动车研发过程中积累的技术，加速研发电动汽车。6.3.3已推出新能源汽车产品1999年，在丰田汽车推出第一辆混合动力汽车普锐斯之后，本田汽车也推出了该公司的第一款混合动力车型——第一代“Insight”，36km/L超低油耗也使得这款车成为当时全球油耗最低的量产汽车。2009年2月，全新款“Insight”登陆市场。同年4月这款车型便问鼎了日本乘用车销售冠军。2010treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof年Honda推出新款混合动力跑车Honda-CR–Z，这款跑车搭载了Honda独创的首例3模式驾驶系统。同时混合动力款FIT也投放市场。电动汽车方面，飞度EV于2012年8月正式投产，当时预售价格为400万日元，折合人民币32.4万元。此款车型一次充电可行驶225公里，是当时世界电动汽车中性能最为强劲的一款车型。飞度EV本田飞度EV于2012年正式投产，是一款可在纯电动模式下行驶的轿车，整车装载一台120kw的电动机作为驱动器，能量供给则是来自东芝的一台6千瓦时的锂离子电池。飞度EV拥有最高145千米每小时的车速，续航里程为161千米，同时，电动版飞度提供了三种驾驶模式—经济模式，正常模式，运动模式。在120伏的标准电压下，充满需要12小时，240伏的电压下则不超过6小时。Insight本田Insight于1999年正式上市，本田公司从此拉开了混合动力汽车型的时代。本田Insight是一款5人坐5门的混合动力交通工具，INSIGHT的混合动力系统是以1.3Li-VTEC发动机为主动力，IMA电动机为辅助动力，搭配CVT7速手自一体变速器，能根据不同的行驶状况进行动力输出的分配。本田Insight内燃机的起动机/发动机一体化（ISA/ISG）技术，广泛使用铝镁合金、塑料做零件，采用薄气缸体等，使发动机重量降低达30%。CR-ZCR-Z搭载的是一款1.5升的四缸汽油发动机，同时配备了本田的IntegratedMotorAssist混合动力技术，采用了并联混合动力系统，电动机由镍氢电池提供电能。CR-Z的汽油发动机可输出114马力的动力，而匹配的电动机可使动力再提升14马力。组合扭矩输出被提升至164磅-英尺。在动力方面，CR-Z搭载一台来自本田飞度的1496毫升直列四缸引擎，它采用了i-VTEC可变气门正时和升程技术，最大功率111马力/6000转，峰值扭矩106磅-英尺（约合144牛米）/4800转。CR-Z混合动力系统增加了三种驾驶模式，可以通过仪表板上的按键在经济、正常和运动（Economy,NormalorSporttreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof）三种模式之间进行选择，而内部的转速表周围背景光也可根据选择的不同模式分别发出绿色，蓝色和红色与之配合。每种模式结合不同的节气门反应，助力转向，引擎转速和输出功率。6.4通用汽车公司6.4.1公司概况通用汽车公司（GM）成立于1908年9月16日，自从威廉·杜兰特创建了美国通用汽车公司以来，通用汽车在全球生产和销售包括雪佛兰、别克、GMC、凯迪拉克、宝骏、霍顿、欧宝、沃克斯豪尔以及五菱等一系列品牌车型并提供服务。2014年，通用汽车旗下多个品牌全系列车型畅销于全球120多个国家和地区，包括电动车、微车、重型全尺寸卡车、紧凑型车及敞篷车。通用汽车公司是美国最早实行股份制和专家集团管理的特大型企业之一，尤其重视质量把关和新技术的采用，因而其产品始终在用户心中享有盛誉。凭借在电池、电动汽车和动力控制等方面的突破，通用汽车不断扩大其在汽车电气化的领先地位。同时，通用汽车还积极推进高效节能技术的进步，包括直喷技术、可变气门正时、涡轮增压、六档变速、柴油发动机以及优化空气动力学设计等。6.4.2新能源汽车发展战略目前，通用汽车在氢燃料电池领域处于领先地位。从新能源汽车的发展战略上看，近期，通用将提高传统内燃机技术和采用替代燃料如压缩天然气、液化石油气、生物燃料乙醇等；中期，则发展混合动力汽车；远期就发展燃料电池车和电动车。表6-1通用新能源汽车发展战略提高传统内燃机技术和采用替代燃料发展混合动力汽车发展燃料电池车和电动车数据来源：中汽协近期规划通用汽车所采用的战略主要包括提高内燃机技术和开发替代燃油燃料汽车。一方面广泛推广使用小排量涡轮增压柴油机共轨燃油喷射系统、停缸技术和采用VTi无级变速器，以提高内燃机技术来减少燃油耗和降低C02排放treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof，并使燃油经济性进一步提高；另一方面，不断的开发并推出压缩天然气汽车、液化石油气汽车(LPG)、灵活燃料汽车等多样化的清洁能源汽车。中期规划通用汽车公司把混合动力技术作为一个重要组成部分发展，形成了独特的混合动力技术路线，从三个方面开展技术研发，包括雪佛兰Tahoe双模式混合动力技术，土星Aura和君威轻度(弱)混合动力技术和混合动力在大型城市公交上应用。Ø通用混合动力城市公交车通用汽车公司双模式混合动力系统装在上世纪末开发的柴油和电能混合动力城市公交车。从2001年起，通用汽车公司生产的双模式混合动力系统的城市公交车在美国费城、休斯顿、波特兰、明尼阿波利斯、盐湖城、奥斯汀等城市有超过300辆正在运行。2004年5月，华盛顿州的国王县有235辆正在运行，成为美国最大混合动力城市公交车车队。这批车投入运行后，该车队每年可节省柴油284万L。公交车搭载了8.9L柴油机，两部功率为100kW的电机(低速电机和高速电机)，采用镍金属氢蓄电池(588V)。其燃油经济性改善60%、排放降低90%、加速性提高50%，具有制动能量回收装置。Ø雪佛兰Tahoe混合动力车雪佛兰Tahoe混合动力车也是采用艾里逊双模式混合动力变速器，它是全球第一款大型混合动力SUV，也是全球首款搭载双模式混合动力系统的车型，它的工作原理与城市公交车双模式混合动力系统相同，是它的缩小版。Tahoe采用VortecV86L发动机，采用两种电机(低速电机和高速电机)功率各为30kW，采用镍金属氢蓄电池(300V)。这款混合动力车在城市和高速公路混合工况条件下，燃油经济性可提高30%。该款混合动力车还可采用停缸技术。Ø土星Aura和别克君越(LacRosse)混合动力车土星Aura和上海通用首款量产别克君越混合动力轿车配备了通用汽车研发的皮带传动发电机—起动机(BAS)混合动力技术，是一种轻度(弱)混合动力系统，它对现有内燃机汽车改造成本最低、且效果比较明显，能满足当前市场对混合动力技术应用急切需求，BAS能在怠速时关闭发动机，减速时切断供油，并能制动能量回收，采用在2.4L4缸发动机上，电机功率7kW，由于电机功率占总功率在10%以下，所以是轻度(弱)treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof混合动力。在起动时，可由电机驱动，在正常行驶和加速时由发动机驱动。与非混合动力车比较，其燃油经济性可提高12%-15%。Ø萨博9-x生态动能混合动力概念车第二代混合动力系统采用了一系列先进技术，以实现更高的燃油经济性和减少排放。采用全新的锂离子蓄电池，将使其动力性能表现提升3倍，由此，第二代混合动力系统有了更为多样化的动力推进系统可供选择，其中包括内燃发动机、全新高效涡轮增压发动机、生物燃料发动机及柴油机。以萨博9-x生态动能混合动力概念车为例其百公里油耗仅为4.9L(相当于每加仑48英里)，同时，C02排放仅为117g／km，欧盟要求2008年CO2排放达到140g／km。远期规划通用汽车公司大力发展燃料电池车，且已有40多年历史，投入研发资金也多，发展也很迅速。从通用汽车公司燃料电池发展中，有以下几个特点：Ø采用高压空气(2-3bar)与氢气混合，用空压机将空气形成一定压力，这样，对质子交换膜提出了很高要求，但其优点是燃料电池堆功率比常压(1bar)空气与氢气混合要高很多，但其缺点是空压机消耗功率相对于鼓风机(常压空气由鼓风机输入)要高。Ø经过较长时间摸索，燃料电池主要以气态氢作为燃料，而不是以液态氢。Ø气态氢的储氢罐压力已由350bar提高到700bar。Ø逐步将燃料电池车向插入式燃料电池车方向发展。通用汽车公司燃料电池车从氢动一号，雪佛兰S10皮卡、氢动三号、自主魔力、HY-Wire、Seguel、Volt到雪佛兰Equinox燃料电池车，已逐步向商业化方向发展。6.4.3已推出新能源汽车产品EV11996年12月通用汽车公司正式向市场推出旗下第一辆限量量产电动汽车EV1。EV1起初只在美国亚利桑那州和南加州以租赁的形式销售，客户不乏一些喜欢尝鲜的社会名流。第一代EV1使用的是标准铅酸电池，第二代车型则换成了镍氢电池。EV1的原型测试车的极限速度成绩为每小时292.8treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof公里，但是由于路况等客观因素，EV1的真实极限速度大约在每小时128公里左右。整车装载了137马力和150牛米扭矩的发动机，使得EV1百公里加速可以在8秒内完成。由于电池重量过大（近500公斤），EV1整车的总量过重是困扰着通用汽车公司的一大难题。尽管通用采取了许多方法控制EV1的总重，如车身框架采用铝合金材料、应用太空级别的结构黏贴工艺等，EV1的总重还是接近1.5吨。虽然，EV1在各方面都取得了很不错的口碑。但是，作为纯电动车的先驱终究还是逃不过电池乏力这一技术难题。在充电方面，一次充满电理论上需要15个小时之久。充电时间过长，使得电动车的实用性大打折扣；续航里程方面，EV1一代车型单次充电续航里程在80至112公里，二代车型单次充电续航里程在120至208公里。但根据实际使用情况EV1的平均续航里程约100公里左右，这一实际情况可以说是差强人意。因此，通用汽车公司最终还是终止了整个项目，回收了所有出租的车辆。但作为通用第一辆限量量产的概念车，EV1可以说相当成功。雪佛兰Volt雪佛兰Volt是通用汽车公司旗下经典品牌雪佛兰所推出的全球首款量产增程式电动车。2007年1月，在北美国际汽车展上，雪佛兰Volt第一次与众人见面。Volt配备了通用最新动力推进系统“E-flex”。“E”代表电，电力是该系统车型的唯一驱动方式。“Flex”则代表灵活，意味着驱动汽车行驶的电力可以从多种途径得到。在消费者最关心的电池充电和单次充电续航里程方面，雪佛兰Volt在110V电源上充满电需要约六个小时，而在220V电源上所需时间更短。在无需燃油且零污染、零排放的纯电力驱动下可以达到80公里。如加满汽油，通过发电机可以行使490公里。驱动系统里的锂电池组寿命可高达10年/24万公里。Volt最高时速可达到160km/h。6.5大众集团6.5.1企业概况大众汽车集团成立于1938年，总部位于德国沃尔夫斯堡，是欧洲最大的汽车公司，也是世界汽车行业中最具实力的跨国公司之一。2004年，大众汽车集团向全球消费者共销售汽车500万辆。集团目前拥有9treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof大著名汽车品牌：大众汽车（德国）、奥迪（德国）、兰博基尼(意大利)、宾利(英国)、布加迪(法国)、西雅特(西班牙)、斯柯达(捷克)、大众汽车商用车(德国)保时捷（德国）。大众汽车集团在全球建有68家全资和参股企业，业务领域包括汽车的研发、生产、销售、物流、服务、汽车零部件、汽车租赁、金融服务、汽车保险、银行、IT服务等。目前，中国已经成为大众全球最重要的战略市场，上海大众注重通过新能源、代用燃料技术、新技术的研究和开发，进一步提升产品低排放的水平。上海大众积极实施“动力总成战略”，到2010年，通过TSI、DSG等前沿技术的应用，车型的油耗水平较现行限值标准将降低20%左右。作为前瞻性研发的成果，具备低能耗、零排放的PASSAT领驭氢燃料电池车，在2008奥运会期间在北京作为环保车辆进行示范运营，并被选作马拉松比赛的引导车。LPG（液化石油气）、CNG（压缩天然气）已实现批量生产。6.5.2新能源汽车发展战略大众集团的新能源汽车战略采取分散步走的战略：第一步，在所有级别车辆中推行新能源汽车战略，以期在未来实现全面电气化。按照战略规划，大众将会率先推出e-up!和e-Golf两款纯电动（BEV）车型，并将在2013年实现量产。第二步，将插电式混合动力技术作为其未来新能源战略的主要路线，通过插电式混合动力这一途径将所有级别产品都实现电气化，并且帮助电力推进系统实现突破。根据计划，大众集团在2013年将会推出3款插电式混合动力车型，其中包括保时捷918Spyder、保时捷Panamera以及大众XL1。而从2014年开始，大众集团则会陆续推出6款插电式混合动力车型，其中包括奥迪旗下的A3、A6、A8、Q7以及大众旗下的高尔夫、帕萨特，这些产品全部由大众集团旗下品牌的经典车型演变而来。第三步，在2018年成为电动车市场的领导者，电动车产品将占据产品比例的3%。在插电式混合动力领域，将现有的技术模块化，并且通过这种规模效应推出技术最为优化的实用车型。表6-2大众汽车集团新能源汽车发展战略treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof第一步（2013）2013年是大众汽车电驱动之年e-up!和e-Golf等电动汽车实现量产第二步（2014）大众汽车集团旗下的核心车型将配备插电式混合动力技术第三步（2018）成为电动车市场的领导者电动车产品将占据产品比例的3%数据来源：中汽协6.5.3已推出新能源汽车产品Audiduo奥迪是大众集团旗下最早研发新能源汽车的品牌之一。早在1989年，奥迪便推出了其首款混合动力概念车Audiduo。此后八年时间里，奥迪相继研发并制造了第二代和第三代Audiduo车型。1997年奥迪开创性地提出了“插电式混合动力”这一超前理念。同年，奥迪推出了其第一款量产混合动力车型duo三代。AudiA2H22004年奥迪推出了AudiA2H2，此款车型为公司第一代燃料电池车。整套系统向电动机提供110千瓦/150马力的动力；该车满载三个恒压储氢罐，它能在9.0秒内从0加速到100公里/小时，而极速则达到惊人的175公里/小时。A8Lhybrid2010年奥迪推出了全新A8Lhybrid，首次将混合动力技术融入旗舰车型。在外观造型上，A8L40hybrid与普通的奥迪A8L差距并不大，仅轮毂造型有所不同、前翼子板和车尾多了“hybrid”标识等。在2011年日内瓦车展中，奥迪发布了其首款混合动力中型SUV——AudiQ5hybridquattro。动力系统方面，该车用的是2.0TFSI涡轮增压缸内直喷四缸汽油发动机+电动机的组合，综合最大功率为245马力，综合最最大扭矩为480牛米，在整体系统全力运作的情况下，厂商公布的0-100km/h加速时间为7.7秒，极速为232km/h，综合油耗为6.4L/100km。依旧采用8速手自一体变速箱，驱动形式为前置前驱。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof6.6雷诺6.6.1企业概况雷诺是一家法国车辆制造商，生产的车辆种类有赛车、小型车、中型车、休旅车、大型车（包含卡车和工程用车及巴士）等。除了生产轿车外，雷诺还生产拖拉机、农业机械、机床、小型军用发动机、轴承、自行车、工业用橡胶等，同时还承包工程、经营车辆出租、设备中长期租赁及信贷业务等。在国内拥有和控制许多大公司，涉及工业、商业、金融和不动产各业。在国外的子公司主要集中在欧洲、非洲、北美、大洋洲等地。纵观2013年电动汽车产业，雷诺无疑成为法国国内汽车产业的领军企业，无论是在电动乘用车还是在电动轻型商用车的销售量上都占据了第一名的位置，分别占据了63%和80%的市场份额。雷诺共有四种电动汽车车型在法国国内销售。数据统计，2013年度ZOE电动汽车的销量为5511台，KangooZ.E电动汽车的销量为4174台，FluenceZ.E售出18台，雷诺Twizy售出855台。6.6.2新能源汽车发展战略以不断的创新并推出相应的产品是雷诺发展新能源汽车的主要方向。一方面，雷诺致力于电动车的创新研究，与日产合作致力于成为零排放电动车领域的领头羊，推出三款电动车型，朗度（Fluence）Z.E,甘古（Kangoo）Z.E和Twiz以及ZOE等汽车产品；另一方面，雷诺正在研发新一代内燃机"Energy"。全新1.6升发动机——"EnergydCi130"将会成为目前市场上动力最强的一款发动机。2011年5月开始雷诺Scenic和GrandScenic两款车型上将搭载此发动机，与之前的版本相比，新一代发动机的二氧化碳排放量能够减少20%。6.6.3已推出新能源汽车产品ZOE在2012日内瓦车展上，雷诺正式发布了旗下开发制造的第一款纯电动汽车ZOE的量产版。早在2005年，ZOE就作为概念车第一次亮相于日内瓦车展上，当时便引来无数人的目光。雷诺ZOE是一款紧凑型两厢电动汽车，是第一款配备雷诺专利Caméléon充电器的电动车。ZOE的续航里程可达100公里至150公里。在2012年RAC（英国皇家汽车俱乐部）未来汽车挑战赛中，ZOEtreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof赢得“最节能小型车”、“最佳纯电动车”和分量最重的“RAC未来汽车挑战赛全能奖”三项殊荣。2014年1月，欧洲新车安全评鉴协会进行的年度最佳安全车型评比中，雷诺ZOE荣膺“2013年度最安全小型车”。KangooZ.E雷诺KangooZ.E.是雷诺电动车Z.E.零排放系列中的第一款车型，也是汽车制造行业中推出的第一款完全在工厂流水线上生产的纯电动客货两用车。2011年KangooZ.E.上线后，加上政府补贴后，价格比内燃机版更为优惠。尤其是在法国，电动汽车的保养成本也比内燃机汽车的保养成本低约20%，此举可使更多消费者轻松享有电动车带来的便利与环保。雷诺KangooZ.E.推出之后，雷诺KangooZ.E.就荣膺2012年度国际轻型商用车InternationalVanoftheYear2012大奖。与其对应的内燃机车型相比，KangooZ.E.具有相同的车内空间和载物能力，并有两种长度的三个版本可供选择。KangooZ.E.最大的优势在于其极低的排放，它的大规模量产将对减少二氧化碳排放起到重要作用。6.7比亚迪6.7.1企业概况比亚迪创立于1995年，现拥有IT、汽车和新能源三大产业。目前稳居全球第一大充电电池生产商地位，镍镉电池、手机锂电池出货量全球第一。2003年，从IT电池领域进入汽车制造业，并快速成长为最具创新的新锐民族自主汽车品牌，更以独特技术领先全球电动车市场。比亚迪成功推出了太阳能电站、储能电站、纯电动车，引领着全球新能源的变革。公司下设27家境内直接或间接控股子公司，19家境外直接或间接控股子公司以及位于韩国、台湾的境外办事处。公司正由传统三大业务“锂电池、手机部件、汽车”转向“光伏、储能电站、电动汽车”快速推进，目前主要从事二次充电电池业务、手机部件及组装业务，以及包含传统燃油汽车及新能源汽车在内的汽车业务，同时利用自身的技术优势积极拓展新能源产品领域的相关业务。公司目前共有16款车型销售，其中4款为新能源汽车，未来新的新能源车型包括2014年4月上市的腾势，以及未来上市的插电混合SUVtreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof“唐”，新能源汽车收入占比将稳步提升，并且由于比亚迪在新能源汽车技术和产品方面的优势，市场份额和优势将在未来三年内难有对手，不论是自主品牌还是合资品牌，因为自主品牌在产品研发和市场运营经验不足，合资企业在华投入滞后导致国产化进程远未开始。中国新能源汽车政策的强力推动，为比亚迪创造了难得的弯道超车机遇。6.7.2新能源汽车发展战略全线布局是比亚迪在新能源产业领域的主要策略，一方面对电池、电机、电控等新能源车核心技术重点投资，另一方面也大力研发和推广储能电站。同时，比亚迪坚持在海内外推广新能源汽车，目前新能源车销售已经进入美国、英国、荷兰等国家。在技术路径上，存在传统混动车、插电混动车、纯电动车之争。比亚迪在三个领域都布下重兵。在发展思路上，比亚迪坚持正向研发，从电池、电机、电控等核心技术入手，通过加强研发，自主创新并垂直整合产业链，进而掌握多项核心技术。目前，比亚迪的双擎双模六大核心技术全部是自主研发：包括电池及电池管理系统；电机动力总成；电控；ECU发动机电子控制单元；DCT双离合变速器；TCU自动变速箱控制单元。此外，车身、空调系统、内外饰系统也由比亚迪自主研发。比亚迪还开发了双向逆变式充放电技术，其在IT领域的经验也为其打造智能化产品提供了助力。在市场定位上，比亚迪新能源汽车无论在公交电动化进程还是个人消费领域开拓，其核心服务群体是普通老百姓。但比亚迪e6电动车的售价36.98万元，双模电动车秦的价格20万元左右，享受补贴后，普通消费者也能承担得起。6.7.3已推出新能源汽车产品公司旗下新能源汽车产品包括：纯电动公交大巴K9，纯电动乘用车E6，插电式混合动力轿车“秦”，以及2014年陆续上市的高端纯电动乘用车腾势，插电式混合动力SUV“唐”，品系覆盖及其全面完整，随着国家推行新能源汽车产业市场化进度加快，比亚迪有望获得全面的领先机遇。表6-3比亚迪2014年新能源汽车销售预测销量单价收入E6300035105000treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityofK92000200400000秦2500020500000腾势（4月上市）24004096000唐（Q3上市）30002781000合计354001182000数据来源：中汽协CSST整理纯电动公交大巴K9在中国市场，比亚迪电动K9已经先后于深圳、长沙、西安、天津等多个地方投入实际运营，而且实际运营情况良好，各项数据非常稳定。在深圳投放的纯电动大巴车队，其累计总行驶里程达到2200万公里，单车最高行驶里程已经突破16万公里。比亚迪电动大巴也投入到香港试运营。2011年底长沙市正式签约采购首批100辆比亚迪K9纯电动大巴，2012年5月21日，比亚迪长沙基地投产，形成5万台乘用车和1500台纯电动大巴的产能。2013年10月18日，比亚迪与天津市公交集团签下订单，到2015年实现2000辆纯电动客车k9的投放运行，该批车辆运营或将采用换电模式。纯电动乘用车E6纯电动车e6已经在上海、北京、深圳、杭州等地销售。比亚迪2010年起开展大规模商业化营运电动车，至今已在深圳投入850辆e6纯电动出租车，累计总行驶里程超过1.6亿公里，单一车辆最高里程超过47万公里；在深圳运营的220辆K9纯电动巴士累计总行驶里程超过2500万公里，单一车辆里程达到18万公里。6.8奇瑞汽车6.8.1企业概况奇瑞汽车股份有限公司（CheryAutomobileCo.,Ltd.），是一家从事汽车生产的国有股份制企业。公司产品覆盖乘用车、商用车、微型车等领域，奇瑞汽车连续9年蝉联中国自主品牌销量冠军，成为中国自主品牌中的代表和精品。公司创立之初就把“更安全、更节能、更环保”的产品理念融入到公司发展过程中，早在2001年，奇瑞公司就正式成立了“清洁能源汽车专项组”，专职负责混合动力汽车、替代燃料汽车等清洁能源汽车前沿技术的研究与开发。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof奇瑞公司自2000年开始从事新能源汽车的研发，通过十余年的自主创新，公司新能源汽车事业经历了三个重要的发展阶段：2001年-2005年以国家863项目为载体，联合国内顶尖的高校及科研院所，完成ISG中度混合动力和纯电动汽车的原理性样车研发。2005年-2008年以科技部批准组建的“国家节能环保汽车工程技术研究中心”为依托，基本完成了新能源汽车的产业化研发，建立了完善的节能与新能源汽车研发体系、世界一流的新能源试验中心、试制中心等，并具备新能源汽车专用的整车附件系统批量生产能力。第一款A5-BSG混合动力汽车于2008年批量上市，在芜湖、大连等城市作为出租车深受客户欢迎，同时也成为河南、广东、新疆、山西、福建、浙江等私人用户的私家车。中度混合动力（ISG）汽车已进入小批量生产阶段，目前被多个新能源汽车示范试点城市作为出租、公务用车的首选车型。微型纯电动汽车、中级纯电动汽车、微型电动客车、纯电动中巴、纯电动大巴的产业化开发也取得了重大进展。2009年之后公司全面启动了新能源汽车大规模产业化及应用，奇瑞A5ISG、A5BSG、S11EV和S18EV已经获得了工信部发布的产品公告并入选了国家节能环保产品推荐目录；2009年1月，奇瑞公司“节能环保汽车技术平台建设项目”获得“国家科技进步奖一等奖”。2010年3月份第一批经济型纯电动轿车交付用户使用和奇瑞新能源汽车技术有限公司成立，标志着公司新能源汽车事业翻开了崭新的篇章。6.8.2新能源汽车发展战略经过近十年的发展，奇瑞已经初步形成“独立自主，技术研发”为核心思想的奇瑞新能源汽车战略。“造老百姓买得起的电动车”成为奇瑞汽车制造新能源汽车的基本理念。奇瑞在纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料动力汽车等方面都有所涉及。在终端消费人群上，奇瑞新能源汽车产品分为5大类，从较为低端的农村城郊市场、出租车市场到城市年轻人、政府公务用车涵盖范围广泛。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof在市场策略上，奇瑞仍是保持着“两条腿”走路的性格，一方面，奇瑞要向传统汽车的高端突破；另一方面从中低端的新能源产品推广。首先要造老百姓买得起的电动汽车，循序渐进，进而由低端向高端突破转型。6.8.3已推出新能源汽车产品奇瑞A5BSG奇瑞A5BSG是一种具备怠速停机和启动功能的混合动力技术，可以实现汽车在红灯前和堵车时发动机暂停工作，消除了发动机在怠速工作时的油耗、排放与噪声，真正实现了零排放、零油耗、零噪声的绿色行车。相当于降低汽车排量0.2-0.3L，等于每周少开一天车，可以节油15%左右，减少二氧化碳排放12%左右。从价格上看，丰田的普锐斯26万元至30万元的售价一直让消费者望而却步，而奇瑞A5BSG混合动力车最低7.48万的价格与普通的A5（现款A516售价6.98-7.98万元）相比整车成本仅仅增加了5%，但能够使燃油经济性实现节省15%，它的量产上市真正实现了中国消费者的混合动力梦，成为名符其实的国民混合动力车。QQ3QQ3纯电动汽车是奇瑞首款量产纯电动经济型电动汽车。该车配备了高效率的永磁同步电机，采用胶体硅元电池，其低速启动加速感可与汽油车相媲美。技术上采用先进的C-PET纯电驱动技术，提供平稳、可靠的技术保障。该车轴距达2.34米，能有效保证内部的舒适空间。同时，后背箱预留了正常使用100升空间以及放倒后座800升空间的储物优势，正常的一家四口人乘坐都不会显得拥挤。奇瑞QQ3EV纯电动汽车采用民用220V电压充电，一次充满电能够续航80-100公里，每100公里耗电仅13度，安全方便。目前，QQ3纯电动汽车现已通过了各项严格的性能、质量、安全、碰撞等相关测试,已入选195期工信部的目录。目前，在全国多省市，奇瑞新能源正在展开各项销售活动，越来越多的QQ3EV正在分批交付用户，大街小巷里，正日益增加着奇瑞新能源汽车的身影。旗云3ISG作为新能源混合动力车的杰出代表，奇瑞旗云3ISG混合动力汽车显得既经济又实惠。基于奇瑞A5treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof平台基础上开发，整车造型完美、线条流畅，做工精细，采用单轴并联式中度混合动力结构，用1.3升发动机和10KW电机扭矩叠加方式进行动力混合，以发动机为主、电机为辅的“补峰平谷”式动力驱动，实现了最优的驱动效率，既能达到1.6升常规汽油车的动力性，又能节省燃油消耗。该车配备了智能倒车雷达，ABS+EBD防抱死系统，前排SRS双安全气囊等配置，保证了驾驶的安全性和舒适性。同时具备快速起停功能、辅助驱动功能、制动能量回收功能以及发电功能等一系列奇瑞新能源技术研发成果。整车带有ISG故障诊断功能，能够对整车进行实时监控、故障诊断。保证驾驶的舒适性、动力性、经济性、安全性、环保性，切实让人感受到科技进步给人类带来的全新的驾驶感受。6.9上汽集团6.9.1企业概况自1978年成立以来，上汽集团已经成为建成中国汽车重要基地之一。主要业务涵盖整车(包括乘用车、商用车)、零部件(包括发动机、变速箱、动力传动、底盘、内外饰、电子电器等)的研发、生产、销售，以及汽车服务贸易业务（包括汽车金融）。上汽集团所属主要整车企业包括乘用车公司、商用车公司、上海大众、上海通用、上汽通用五菱、南京依维柯、上汽依维柯红岩、上海申沃等。2011年，上汽集团整车销量超过400万辆，继续保持国内汽车市场领先优势，并以上一年度542.57亿美元的合并销售收入，第七次入选《财富》杂志世界500强，排名第151位，比2010年上升了72位。作为国内新能源汽车先行者之一，早在2001年底，上汽与同济大学合作共同承担了国家863“电动汽车”重大专项，开始能源汽车的历程，两者联合成立了上海燃料电池汽车动力系统有限公司。2006年11月1日，上汽首款自主混合动力轿车荣威750上市。2007年，上汽签署了入股新源动力及与大连化物所燃料电池战略合作协议，上汽集团作为新投资者出资2000万元在上海设立全资子公司，全力开发新能源动力车。2009年5月上汽集团召开新能源汽车建设誓师大会，明确新能源汽车产业化目标，向世博会提供跨越四大系统（纯电动、超级电容、燃料电池、混合动力）近千辆新能源车。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof6月，上海申沃第二代超级电容客车产品下线，其36辆超级电容车和120辆纯电动大巴交付世博会。12月，上汽与美国A123按照51:49股比成立上海捷新动力电池系统公司,开发、生产和销售车用动力电池系统,目前主要应用的是A123公司的纳米磷酸铁锂电池。2010年世博会期间，上汽集团示范运营纯电动大巴120辆；纯电动场馆车200多辆；燃料电池大巴6辆；燃料电池观光车100辆；燃料电池轿车90辆；混合动力大巴150辆；混合动力轿车500辆；混合动力超级电容大巴36辆；新能源特种车辆共计1300多辆。2013年上半年，上汽新能源汽车销售在国内市场拔得头筹。其中，销售荣威750混合动力轿车380辆，累计销量达880辆，高居国内自主品牌榜首；销售纯电动客车40辆，累计销售340辆，位居全国之首；销售混合动力客车20辆，累计销售157辆，跻身全国六强。上汽集团与政府有拥有良好的合作关系，2013年6月，上海市政府采购了10辆荣威E50纯电动车作为公务用车。6.9.2新能源汽车发展战略上汽集团实行混合动力、替代燃料和燃料电池三条技术路线的发展战略，一方面，上汽集团将加强新能源核心产业链建设，将重点抓好“五纵四横”工作。“五纵”是指在整车集成开发、动力系统集成技术，以及“电池、电机、电控”这三大新能源最核心、产业价值最大的零部件系统等五大环节实现自主掌控。“四横”是指整车与零部件的协同开发和商务安排、官产学研机制的深化、政府政策扶持、政府主导下的社会工程建设等四方面关系新能源汽车持续发展的社会化体系工作。另一方面，上汽集团的新能源战略也制定了时间表，明确新能源汽车产业化目标：2010年，上汽的荣威750中混混合动力轿车将投放市场，实现综合节油率20%左右；同时要确保世博会新能源汽车任务顺利完成，向世博会的运营提供跨越四大系统（纯电动、超级电容、燃料电池、混合动力），近千辆新能源车。这意味着上汽集团将在未来一段时间内不断加快新能源产业化发展的步伐，将新能源车型在国内做大做强。而在国内新能源车市场中要占据20%的份额，这与上汽目前在国内的市场份额基本一致。同样也看出上汽集团对于新能源汽车发展的决心与信心。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof表6-4上汽集团新能源汽车发展战略新能源战略发展技术路线Ø瞄准汽车驱动电力化趋势Ø重点加快推进混合动力和电动汽车产业化Ø适时推动燃料电池汽车研发升级和示范运行新能源战略发展目标Ø达到国内新能源汽车20%市场占有率Ø快速降低公司平均燃油消耗值，达到2015年和2020年平均燃油消耗量限值目标数据来源：中汽协6.9.3已推出新能源汽车产品荣威750Hybrid荣威新750HYBRID混合动力轿车的动力电池系统，由上汽自主创新研发而成，在功率，安全及寿命方面均超越寻常，其采用的磷酸铁锂电池，是目前全世界公认较为安全、性能较好的锂电池，电池系统经过最全面的工况测试，通过所有零部件、系统、整车级别的安全、可靠及耐久性方面多达32项严苛试验验证。除了在发动机前端轮系高效集成混动电机，并辅以PowerBox电力储存系统，结合五大燃油节约技术，可使清洁电能与传统燃油模式完美融合，令综合节油度提升20%以上。荣威E50荣威E50搭载了高性能的电驱动力系统，其中包括磷酸铁锂高压电池系统、永磁同步驱动电机、整车热管理系统、电动助力转向系统、电机控制器、车载高压充电器、电动空调压缩机、制动能量回收控制等具有高技术含量的核心部件，真正实现零排放。磷酸铁锂电池，最大续驶里程达到180km，0-50km/h加速时间5.3秒，百公里加速时间为14.6秒，该电池总能量为18千瓦时，具有快充和慢充两种充电模式，一次充电后，荣威E50在城市工况下的续航里程在120公里以上。6.10一汽集团6.10.1企业概况中国第一汽车集团公司，简称“中国一汽”或“一汽”。1953年7月15日，第一汽车制造厂破土动工，新中国汽车工业从这里起步。经过60treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof年的发展建设，一汽集团逐步开辟了东北、华北、西南、华南等生产基地，形成了布局合理、辐射全国、面向海外的开放式发展格局。改造并建设了中重型卡车、轿车、轻型车、微型车、客车和新能源汽车等新工厂，形成了较为先进的生产制造阵地。自主研发与企业核心竞争能力不断提升，形成了中、重、轻、微、轿、客、新能源汽车等多品种、宽系列产品格局。拥有解放、红旗、奔腾、夏利等自主品牌和大众、奥迪、丰田、马自达等合资合作品牌。2012年《中国500最具价值品牌》排行榜，中国一汽以982.87亿元品牌价值位列第九位，居汽车业第一位。新能源汽车产业发展方面，一汽集团在技术中心新成立了电动车部，专职负责集团新能源汽车产品的研发；同时成立了一汽新能源汽车分公司，负责新能源汽车的批量生产，积累新能源轿车相关制造技术经验，培育新能源汽车关键总成与部件资源，建立新能源汽车的推广示范商业模式等。目前一汽集团已形成了完整的电动汽车开发流程与体系能力，具备了电动车产品开发所需的产品策划、构型分析、整车设计、试验和试制5大开发能力。同时，在联盟的大力支持下，一汽集团开展了B50EV、森雅EV、威志EV等过渡车型的开发。其中B50EV优化改进工作已完成，并进行了生准；森雅EV已完成二轮样车试制，并开展了相关适应性试验；威志EV工作已完成优化设计并开展了适应性试验；A0EV纯电动平台开发项目已完成整车定义，目前正在进行产品策划。2012年，一汽集团向长春市政府和吉林省政府投放50辆奔腾PHEV车作为公务车，进行新能源汽车示范运行。在新能源客车方面，截止2012年底，一汽累计销售了520辆混合动力客车。6.10.2新能源汽车发展战略在一汽集团公布的面向低碳“蓝途”战略中，新能源汽车以“突破核心技术，加速商品开发，掌控关键部件资源”作为其五大战略之一，并指出要构建旨在“加速新能源车商品化开发、强化新能源汽车研发能力建设”的新能源汽车体系。图6-9一汽集团新能源汽车技术路线图treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityofHEVEVPC-EVPHEVR-E实现节能低碳：满足国家中长期《乘用车燃料消耗量限值》标准要求逐步电驱动化：根据动力电池技术成熟和成本可接受程度，逐步开发相应新能源车型核心技术自主：关键总成、核心技术自主掌控面向未来汽车：社会、家庭、汽车低碳一体化HEV：混合动力PHEV：插电式混合动力R-E：里程延长型电动EV：纯电动FC-EV：燃料电池数据来源：一汽集团在新能源汽车技术路线选择上，一汽集团遵循“根据动力电池技术成熟和成本可接受程度，逐步开发相应新能源车型”的原则，逐步实现核心技术自主掌控、关键总成自主开发，并最终实现提供社会、家庭、汽车一体化的综合解决方案。6.10.3已推出新能源汽车产品奔腾B70HEV奔腾B70HEV是一款全新油电混合动力车。该车将作为“奥运示范车”服务于08年北京奥运会。奔腾B70HEV秉承科技、节能、环保的理念，所有技术均由一汽自主研发。该款车的问世，不仅展示了一汽奔腾在技术端的强大实力，同时也体现了一汽奔腾关注绿色环保、关注自主技术创新的发展战略。奔腾B70HEV的最大特点在于采用适当的燃料转换装置(如内燃机)、储能装置和电动机作为混合动力源，在一整套严密的控制策略的控制下，使燃料转换装置、储能装置和电机在驱动工况下尽可能工作在高效率、低排放区域，从而大大改善汽车性能，降低油耗，减少污染。作为一款全自主开发的混合动力车，奔腾B70HEV的发动机采用专门二次开发的电控发动机产品，具有完全自主知识产权。奔腾B70HEV的油耗更低，达到了6.0L/100km的水平，相对同类传统内燃机自动档轿车节油高达42.8%，比手动档轿车节油率为31.8%。另外，由于采用全混合技术，电驱动系统功率更大，包括二氧化碳在内的污染物排放更低，在怠速情况下实现了零排放，而正常运转的排放则高于欧Ⅳ标准。奔腾B50PHEVtreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof奔腾B50PHEV是一汽自主研发的一款混合动力车，采用FAW-TMH动力系统平台，可以在100km/h以下纯电动行驶。此车的各项性能和技术指标已达到国内新能源汽车的领先水平。奔腾B50PHEV在NEDC工况下的油耗小于3.2L/100Km，比传统车节油60%，并且具有启动爬行、纯电驱动、再生制动、电子驻车制动、家用充电、快速充电等功能，是国内领先的节能环保车型。6.11章小节新能源汽车的发展已经成为上至政府，下至广大民众和众多厂商的认可，国内外各大厂商都不约而同的加大对新能源汽车的投入力度，制定相应的新能源汽车战略并推出多款新能源汽车产品。但新能源汽车热潮的真正引爆的关注还是得益于tesla的出现与发展。虽然Tesla近期才实现销量的提升和盈利的改善，但它让电动车行业真正意义上的民用和产业化成为了可能。一方面，Tesla所带来的热潮已经让人们重新认识到纯电动汽车大规模普及的可能性；另一方面，Tesla的成功让更多的上游原材料和配套设施的企业更愿意在电动车领域进行投入，同时也拉动整体配套充电设施的改进。在产业发展初期，政策推动外，新能源汽车开始有了市场为基础的推动因素。表6-5国内外汽车厂商新能源汽车战略与已推出产品特斯拉生产跑车-用销售跑车的利润生产消费者能买得起的车-用获取的利润生产更便宜的车-为购买汽车的消费者提供零排放选择。Roadster、ModelS、ModelX丰田一方面提高传统动力汽车的节油水平，降低燃油消耗，发展混合动力车型。另一方面开发纯电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车以及燃料电池汽车。Prius、雷克萨斯RX450h、CT200H本田多元化发展并最终指对燃料电池汽车。一方面用已有的“IMA混动系统”丰富产品；另一方面加快纯电动汽车推进速度。飞度EV、CR-Z、Insight通用近期提高传统内燃机技术和采用替代燃料如压缩天然气、液化石油气、生物燃料乙醇等；中期发展混合动力汽车；远期就发展燃料电池车和电动车。EV1、雪佛兰Volttreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof大众将插电式混合动力汽车作为新能源战略的主要路线，并通过插电式混合动力将所有产品实现电气化；后期进一步推进纯电动汽车，力图成为行业领导者。Audiduo、AudiA2H2、A8Lhybrid雷诺不断创新并推出相应的新能源汽车产品，与日产合作，致力成为零排放点动车领。ZOE、KangooZ.E比亚迪采用全面发展战略，不但在传统混动车、插电混动车、纯电动车全面布局，而且坚持正向研发，从电池、电机、电控等核心技术入手，自主创新并垂直整合产业链。纯电动公交大巴K9、纯电动乘用车E6奇瑞汽车“独立自主，技术研发”为核心思想的奇瑞新能源汽车战略。奇瑞A5BSG、QQ3上汽集团实行混合动力、替代燃料和燃料电池三条技术路线的发展战略。荣威750Hybrid、荣威E50一汽集团采用“突破核心技术，加速商品开发，掌控关键部件资源”的新能源战略，力图构建“加速新能源车商品化开发、强化新能源汽车研发能力建设”的新能源汽车体系。奔腾B70HEV、奔腾B50PHEV数据来源:CSSTtreatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof第七章新能源汽车产业投资机会分析7.1新能源汽车迎来发展的机遇期2003年，我国机动车保有量约为9600万辆、私家车不足600万辆，但截止2013年底，我国机动车保有量已突破2.5亿辆，其中私家车保有量达到8507万辆。十年间私家车保有量增长13倍，实现了30%的年均复合增长，中国家庭代步工具已经成功实现了自行车→摩托车→汽车的转变。尽管我国已经成为全球最大的汽车产销国，但中国目前机动车千人保有量仍仅有美国的十分之一，未来每年汽车增量有望每年达到2000万，这将给我国交通、能源、环境等方面造成极大的压力。“环保、智能”将是中国汽车产业未来十年的核心主题，而汽车电动化，尤其是纯电动车才是实现我国汽车保有量进一步向发达国家看齐的唯一出路。特斯拉的迅速崛起和风靡全球，其意义绝不仅在于技术突破，特斯拉标志着“纯电动时代”的正式开启。最关键的地方在于，其用事实证明了纯电动车的可行性，并把这个概念成功灌输给了每一个人。我们不需要争论最终是纯电动或是混动成为市场主流，至少电动车现在已经成为购车标的之一。特斯拉ModelS的上市说明一个问题，自此电动车不再是概念，而是触手能及的代步工具。Tesla的成功让更多的上游原材料和配套设施的企业更愿意在电动车领域进行投入。虽然前几年行业面临了发展的困境，但制约行业发展一方面是汽车的价格，另一方面一方面是配套设施，如充电站和充电桩的匮乏造成充电的不便利。随着技术的突破和消费者对于Tesla电动车的认可，配套设施的改善成为可能，行业有望进入良性的循环。2012年，我国新能源汽车生产12552辆，纯电动汽车产销量分别比上年增长98.8%和103.9%。截止2012年底，我国北京、上海、深圳等25个试点城市共示范推广各类节能与新能源汽车2.74万辆。2012年4月，国务院讨论通过《节能与新能源汽车发展规划（2012年-2020年）》，以纯电驱动为主要战略取向，到2015年，纯电动汽车和插电式混合动力车累计产销量达到50万辆，到2020年超过500万辆。虽然国内新能源汽车仍面临配treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof套措施匮乏，汽车售价较高等问题，大部分还是在公共交通领域推广，发展较慢，但随着技术的进步和国外企业示范效应，未来新能源汽车的发展也存在超预期的可能。毫无疑问，新能源汽车将迎来政策推动与市场释放的发展机遇期，其中蕴含着极大的投资机会。7.2新能源汽车产业投资逻辑根据国内外发展情况的不同，新能源汽车可以分为自下而上和自上而下两大投资逻辑：自下而上：海外销量驱动上游配套厂商自下而上逻辑是由北美区域所主导的美、日、欧相关新能源车型销量所推动。美、日、欧各大新能源车企除核心优势环节由本企业研发（如戴姆勒、宝马等以混动系统、电机为核心，特斯拉以BMS系统为核心）外，其余动力电池、变速器（混动）、相关零配件配套环节已基本经形成了全球采购格局，全球择优采购导致各厂商产品交叉延伸，从而形成交叉垂直分布（日企以松下、东芝、日立车辆能源为主；美国由本国及日、韩企业配套；欧洲实行全球配套）。因此，上游配套领域、配套厂商具备一定的投资价值。自上而下：国内政策驱动整车销量提升自上而下逻辑则主要由国内新能源产业扶持政策所推动。我国的政策推动主题非常明确：“三横三纵的产业链布局，纯电驱动导向”，由于我国之前存在的地方保护主义、配套设施（充电桩、充电站）建设缓慢及车型较为单一等因素影响，新能源车型推广主要以运营车辆（的士、公交、公务）为主，2014年开始，从政策趋势及企业技术积累看，中国本土新能源汽车产业已经到达爆发前夕。因此，产业政策激励下，国内汽车厂商新能源汽车销量有望提升，同时相关充放电配套设施具备较大的投资机会。从产业链以及新能源汽车发展阶段的角度上看，新能源汽车也有不同的投资逻辑和思路。萌芽期：上游扩产推动明显treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91 videoconference,SecretaryoftheprovincialCommitteeofXiaBaolongstressed:thisyearisthe"fivewatertreatment""357"timetables"forthreeyearstoresolveoutstandingissues,obviouslyworked,"victoryoftheyear.TheCounty"sdepartmentsatalllevelsmustfirmlyestablishthe"guanghuiisgoldandsilver"greendevelopmentconcept,convincedthatCastleisnotrelaxed,alwaysmaintainingstrategicabilityandstrongdeterminationtoimprovetheenvironment,consistentlyplayingwell"fivewatertreatmentof"winningthewar,ever-higherlevelsofcomprehensivewell-offsocietywasbuilt.(A)laythesewageuphillbattle.Thisyearwewill"riverwaterqualityimprovedatthecountylevel,uptofive"thisbasicobjectivegraspofpollutioncontrolthatfocus,withthefocusonthreethings:agoodjob,"clearrivers"reachingtheCountycreated.Organization"lookback"specialinspection,theCountygarbageRiver,blackandodorousRiveris"Dragnet"investigation,timelyrectificationofproblemsfoundinplacefirmlytopreventriverpollutionrebound.Inaccordancewiththe"one-stopstrategy",improvingtheinferiorfivewaterqualitymonitoringstationsworkthisyeartoensuretheEliminationof1provincialcontrol,fivewaterqualitysection3municipalitiescontrolleddeterioration,ensurethecreationthisyearof"clearrivers"standards.Second,payspecialattentiontopollution-cuttingconstructionofnanotubes.Interceptingnanotubesarethebasisofpollutionofwatersourceengineering,engineering,matterofsuccessorfailureofwatermanagement.Urbansewagetreatment,toimprove"effluentfromsewagetreatmentrate,runningaccuracy,compliance"requirement,speedupthetown"ssupportnetworkconstruction,isfocusingonnanotubeshome"lastmeters"question.Domesticsewagetreatmentinruralareas,thisyearisthefinalyearofthethree-yearaction,determinationtofightandthemomentumaround,endingthebattleonwhichfullytoensuretherealizationofallCounty648formedvillagecoverage.Also,besuretoattachimportancetofocusonruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentfacilityoperationandmanagement,ensurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunning,roleplay,avoidthe"Sun"problem.Third,payspecialattentiontotheRiverLakeponddesiltingoperation.Provincesnowhavefocusedonpollutioncontrolofwatergoto"digupmud",asthedeepeningwaterofthisyear"s"plays".Next,tojump-startaninvestigationlinetoucheswork,implementationplanaccordingtotheprioritiesandtheprogrammeofwork,inaccordancewiththe"oneriveronepolicy"requiresdetailedcleaning,dredgingplan,planningaheadoftimecleaningoutmud"wayout",accordingtolocalconditionstodosludge,promotescientificresourceutilizationofsiltandmud.(B)theheavyregulationofheavilypollutingindustries.Pollutionofwatermustgrabthesource,wastewaterisprimarilythesourceofbackwardproductioncapacity,increasetheintensityof2013年之前属于新能源汽车萌芽期。北美地区是新能源汽车产业先驱，从其区域内各主打车型的历史月度销量数据可以很明显看到，13以前各车型销量都较低，因为市场尚处于认知期，而各车型也是出于概念推广及认知度提升阶段，而2013年北美销量在以特斯拉、普锐斯为代表的推动下整体上了一个台阶。在此阶段主产业链处于增量阶段，下游销量增速将会进一步传导、放大至上游动力电池乃至原材料环节。因此，在上游的产能扩张及最上游的锂矿资源储备提升的背景下，新能源汽车产业链上游的锂矿、动力电池领域具备较大投资价值。成长期：整车厂商的回归从2014年开始，中国新能源汽车产业进入实质性发展阶段。万事俱备，只欠政策东风，一方面，上游原材料配套产能已基本到位，我国2009-12年间，动力锂离子电池拟建产能达到201亿安时，2013年预计动力锂电池实际产能达到50亿安时，按配套计算，2013年我国实际动力电池产能已经可以配套接近24万辆特斯拉，而我国2013年新能源汽车实际产量仅1.75万辆（其中纯电动占比81%），同比增长40%，所以现有动力电池产能足以支撑直到2015年累计产销50万辆的国内新能源汽车发展规划。在上游的相对产能过剩加上下游销量的快速提升预期的背景下（政策扶持、特斯拉入华带动行业进程步伐），新能源汽车产业链投资逻辑开始由增量逻辑切换到销量逻辑阶段，新能源整车厂商、充电站及充电设备环节将逐渐成为产业链的最佳投资环节。treatmentofheavilypollutingindustries.Accordingtomunicipal,andmunicipalgovernmentdeploymentofsevenbigheavypollutionindustryregulation"threeyearsactionplans",requirementstoDecember2016endofQian,allincludedshutstoppedeliminatedofenterpriseallshutstoppedeliminatedinplace;June30,2017Qian,allincludedplaceregulationupgradeandagglomerationrestructuringofenterprisebyunifiedstandardregulationinplace,latenotstandardofenterpriseareimplementationdiscontinued;June30,2018Qian,allintendsParkproductionofenterpriserelocationParkinplace,latenotParkofarediscontinued.Intheprocessofrenovation,willfocusonfouraspects:tofirmlyclosethehighenergyconsumptionandheavypollution,hopelessenterprisegovernanceandproductionlines,eliminatedanumberofyearlyemissionintensity,lowvalue-addedproductsofbackwardproductioncapacity.Second,wemuststrictlyenforcethespace,totalproject"Trinity"environmentaccesssystem,promotingindustryaccessandenvironmentalconditionsofaccessofenterprisestothePark,industrialpark,inprinciple,nolongertheclassonthenewproject.Thirdly,promotingreplacementandreconstructionofheavilypollutingindustries,mergersandreorganizations,guideenterprisestoenergyconservation,recyclingandlow-carbonandcleanproduction,andimprovethelevelofgreendevelopment.Fourtoestablishalong-termsupervisionmechanism,increasetheintensityofspecialinspections,investigateandpunishtherectificationisnotinplace,normalbusinessofrunninganti-pollutioninstallationsdonot.(Iii)linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater,drainage,watersupply,improvingwatersaving.SpeedupcrossYangsupportriverdikereinforcement,andalongPuseawallexceptinsurancereinforcement,andLakeQiansluice,andBACaosluice,andcloudcoverreservoir,focusfloodcontroldrainageengineeringconstruction,vigorouslyimplementation"stronglibrary""soliddi""spreadrow"engineering,increasedgeologicaldisasterhiddenpointsgovernanceefforts,solidadvancesmallbasintorrentdisastergovernance,effortsfromessentiallysolutionbasinsex,andregionalfloodcontroldrainagecapacityinsufficientofproblem.Vigorouslyimplementthepiers,algaeandotherwatersourcesprotectionand,promotingruraldrinkingwatersafetyprojects,settingupwaterpricingreformandenvironmentalprotectionmechanism,guidingwaterdepth.Furthersoilpollutionandrepair,strengthenagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprevention,mountain,water,forests,fields,lakes,variouselementsmutuallong.Four,managetotightencontrol,toplay"threetosplit"battle.XiaBaolong,SecretaryofprovincialpartyCommitteestressedthatwhilethe"threetosplit"operationtimeisoverthreeyears,but"threetosplit"mustcontinuetocatchon,andresolveasplitcannotbechanged.Alllocalitiesanddepartmentstothevillageand"nounauthorised"created91